Bullying Is Done All Over The World - 1425 Words

Jacobs 1 Bullying is done all over the world. It is a very bad thing that has been happening ever since schools have been around. Kids get so depressed and cannot focus on school and don’t even want to go to school. This has been an issue in every school and has caused some kids to get so stressed out over it and commit suicide. Kids get bullied many different ways. It is a very bad thing that has been happening and it needs to stop. You may even see this happen to kids at your own school. There is 3 types of bullying, there is cyber-bullying, verbal bullying and Physical bullying. Physical bullying is found in many situations. Bullies want to harm you or make you feel uncomfortable and want to make you feel depressed and want to bother you. They just want to find some kind of way to bother you or make you do something for them. Physical bullying is when the bully hits you or touches you. There are kids all the time that are getting bullied and need to stand up for themselves. It is a horrible thing that has happened to many kids. If someone is physically bullying you, tell a parent or a teacher. Just find a person that will stop the situation and get the bully to stop hitting you or touching you. This is a serious problem that has been happening for many years. There is a story about a boy that was bigger than most kids and was bullied really bad. Other kids called him fat and ugly. He was really depressed and stressed out over it. He just said that he wanted it to stop.Show MoreRelatedBullying Is Done All Over The World1452 Words   |  6 PagesBullying is done all over the world. It is a very bad thing that has been happening ever since schools have been around. Kids get so depressed and cannot focus on school and don’t even want to go to school. This has been an issue in every school and has caused some kids to get so stressed out over it and commit suicide. Kids get bullied many different ways. There are cyber-bullying, verbal bullying and P hysical bullying. These types of bullying are done all the time, to your friends and possiblyRead MoreBullying essay1029 Words   |  5 Pagesamount of bullying happening all the time. A community member heard about the severity of this case. She stepped in and volunteered to serve on and start an anti-bullying campaign at the middle school. Her program was based on the education of bullying. Bullying, what is bullying? It’s defined as the â€Å"Use of superior strength or influence to intimidate someone, typically to force him or her to do what one wants.† There are many types of bullying, Physical Bullying#, Verbal Bullying, Social BullyingRead MoreFitting And Living Up At Someone Else s Idea Of `` Perfect `` Isn t Easy Essay1604 Words   |  7 Pagesa bully. Bullying has been around for the longest time and probably will never go away. Children wake up scared to face another school day and adults dread having to deal with another work day, all because those are environments where bullying most often takes place. Bullying is a very serious problem in the world today and it goes unnoticed. Bullying isn’t just a face to face encounter. There are multiple types of bullying. Such as physical, verbal, social and cyber. Physical bullying involves anyRead MoreWhy Bullying Is Bad Or Bad?1391 Words   |  6 PagesBully All around the world, many people today are bullied, and mistreated by others. There is not much of a definite reasoning to why one bullies, and puts other people down, but there are speculations to this problem. Many causes to why people bully one another is because the bully has insecurities of their own, they are jealous of their victim, family problems arise, and they like having the power that bullying has on others. Not only does bullying affect many throughout the world, but thereRead MoreThe Social Media And Texting1386 Words   |  6 Pagesbecome so advanced communicating is easier than ever. With the help of satellites we can talk to people from every corner of world with just a click of a button. With all this technology comes a downfall: cyberbullies. Sending messages to harass someone nowadays is so simple. For decades children and teens have had problem with bullies. Students can get picked on for all sorts of physical traits like being too short or too fat. With this new technology it is so easy to send a message or make a postRead MoreHow is Cyber Bullying Done? Essay621 Words   |  3 Pages Think about it? How is Cyber Bullying Done? To find an answer to this question is hard. Cyber bullying is done in many different ways around the world. Cyber bullying can happen anywhere at any time, even in places where you normally feel safe, such as home. Allot of cyber bullying can be d one anonymously, you may not be sure who is targeting you. Since cyber bullies cant see your reaction, they will often go much further in their harassment or ridicule then they would face to face with youRead MoreAddressing the Global Issue of Bullying1056 Words   |  5 PagesBullying is a worldwide issue and should be taken very seriously. Bullying may not always be noticeable, but if seen the person being bullied should be comforted. Let them know they’re not alone and there are people who care about them and they shouldn’t think about anything that could be life changing. Bullying is unwanted repeated aggression towards someone else. There are four major types of bullying, physical, verbal, cyber, and covert. Each type of bullying can hurt ones feelings and shouldRead MoreBullying Should Be Addressed For The Proper Development Of Children1347 Words   |  6 PagesBullying is a very strong word to all the people around the world but some time people may not know if they are bullying other people. Bullying to all of us means something different. This is why I consider it very hard to judge and punish bullying as definitely what is bullying? Is bullying when you just fight with a kid or simply insult him and he insults you back, is it when you tease him for something he does, or is it when you take things from him without his permission is that bullying? StudiesRead MoreEssay about Cyberbullying, the Downside of Social Media964 Words   |  4 Pages â€Å"Every child on Facebook likely has a bullying story, whether as the victim, bully or as a witness.† – National Bullying Prevention Center As technology as progressed over the years so to has society with it. The use of technology has infiltrated and changed society in an endless number of ways and it only continues to grow. The interesting thing about the advances of technology and their impacts on society are the ways that they adapt to a common facet of human society and evolve it. OneRead MoreBullying Is A Modern Threat Of The Security Of Many People Around The World1726 Words   |  7 Pagesnot wear all the time, but almost everybody has bullied somebody else in their lifetime and have been bullied in their life. Bullying can be so extreme that it can bring physical harm to some people. Bullying is a modern threat to the security of many people around the world. To figure out the personality of a bully we need to define types of bullying, causes of bullying, traits of bullies and possible cures of bullying. The first subject that needs clarification is the types of bullying. There are

Mendel Vs. Darwin Free Essays

Dear Mr.. Mendel, I am very Interested In your study of genetics. We will write a custom essay sample on Mendel Vs. Darwin or any similar topic only for you Order Now I also am a Naturalist and we share the same passion for Gods creation. I have known, from your studies of genetics, organisms may only pass down traits to their offspring that they were born with. This proved Lamarckism theory to be incorrect. Your studies show many helpful genetic facts. One of which is all members of a species are all different in some way. This ties together part of my own theory called Natural Selection. I too believe that all organisms are born with different variations. Variations that help to get food or escape from predators will help that animal survive. Then, those animals will reproduce offspring with the helpful variation. Your genetic studies reinforce my theory of Natural Selection. One of our few differences is that you conduct controlled experiments, while I simply observe nature. Much of my work took place while sailing on the Beagle around South America and Africa. I observed the natural life and took notes. You seem to Like working In a laboratory while I Like to explore the world and see nature as It happens. Our methods of study are almost opposite, but both reveal much information. Every organism’s difference is a variation. While I traveled to the Galapagos, I noticed many variations in the finch species. From island to island, each finch bird has a different type of beak. I hypothesize this is because each island has different food sources so each bird adapted to their environment. Some have sharp, thin beaks to separate insects while others on different islands have shorter beaks to pick seed off the ground. I understand that in your research with peas you have found out that offspring inherit only traits that the parents were born with. I formed similar thoughts about the finches. As you may be thinking, my theory Is very controversial within the church. Most people think low upon me for believing my theory. Some say Natural Selection Is going against the churches belief of the Genesis written In the Bible. Fortunately for you, you are part of the monastery. You have your colleagues to support your ideas and thoughts. I am in the process of writing book to express my ideas to the people. I hope my ideas will be revolutionary and change the thoughts of evolution. My wish is that society will someday find value in my research, even if it is rejected by the church in present. Sincerely, Charles Darwin Mendel Vs.. Darwin By resourcefulness I am very interested in your study of genetics. I also am a Naturalist and we share the same passion for God’s creation. I have known, from your studies of genetics, One of our few differences is that you conduct controlled experiments, while I seem to like working in a laboratory while I like to explore the world and see nature as it happens. Our methods of study are almost opposite, but both reveal much As you may be thinking, my theory is very controversial within the church. Most people think low upon me for believing my theory. Some say Natural Selection is going against the churches belief. How to cite Mendel Vs. Darwin, Papers

5s Implementation in Workplaces Samples for Students-Myassignment

Question: Discuss about the 5S Concept in an Organization. Answer: Introduction The 5S is a Japanese concept of how businesses should approach workplace organization. The strategy creates standards, disciplines, and organization that employees strive to maintain in the workplace as explained by Chiarini (2013). These goals ensure that the workplace is efficient and organized and productivity of employees is improved. 5S Steps Sort This is the first step where an office or company clutter is sorted out, and materials are separated. Relevant and important materials are kept while the junk materials are eliminated from the system. This step is referred to as the seiri in Japanese. Straighten The materials that were considered relevant in the workplace are arranged to ensure the effectiveness of the workplace. Employees should be able to move around their workstations easily and access work materials effectively. It creates order in the workplace and reduces time wastage. The term is referred to as seiton in Japanese. Shine This step involves cleaning all the workplace surfaces and materials on a regular basis. This ensures that the standards of the items are maintained, and any defect could be repaired or items can be replaced to avoid a decrease in productivity. By cleaning all surfaces, it reduces chances of contamination. This term is referred to as seiso in Japanese. Standardize The workflow is managed through the implementation of the first 3S by applying strategies that keep the workplace efficient and productivity is improved. This involves assigning tasks and responsibilities to ensure that the 5S is effective and realizable. Setting deadlines are important as it notifies employees when they are expected to finish a task and present it to the management. In Japanese, standardization is referred to as seiketsu. Sustain This is the final step in the implementation of the 5Swhich involves the development of strategies to make 5S implementation a long-term goal for the organization. Management is expected to undertake analysis on the implementation, and the results of the system created through the 5S to ensure that the desired outcome is realized (Levitt, 2008). These strategies involve bringing employees together to train them on the importance of the 5S implementation in the organization. In Japanese, sustain is referred to as shitsuke. Benefits of 5S implementation in workplaces The 5S strategy increases productivity and efficiency in the workplace. The regular maintenance on work items and surfaces has a preventive maintenance element that improves productivity and eliminates errors that could occur in the systems as pointed out by Fairbanks, C. (2007). The strategy brings implemented through steps with small changes on approach to work. These changes bring major improvements on the various aspects of workplaces that include the safety of the employees, profits, and quality of services and products. The system creates order in the workflow by reducing time spent on one task and eliminates errors that could occur in the system through preventive mechanisms. The visual element of the 5S creates effective communication in the workplace hence operation are improved. Conclusion The 5S lean tool is efficient and could be applied in any workplace setting because of its simplicity in implementation argued by Moore, R. (2007). Application of the strategies has desirable outcomes; institutions should use this strategy in the workplaces to realize their goals and objectives. References Chiarini, A 2013, Lean organization: from the tools of the Toyota Production System to lean office. Milan, Springer. https://public.eblib.com/choice/publicfullrecord.aspx? p=994180. Fairbanks, C 2007, Using Six Sigma and Lean methodologies to improve OR throughput. Aorn J. 14, 92-99 Levitt, J 2008, Lean maintenance. New York, Industrial Press. Leslie, M Hagood, C Royer, A Reece. CP Maloney, S 2006, Using Lean methods to improve OR turnover times. AORN J. 84, 849-855. Meier, J.L 2009, The Toyota Way. New York, McGraw-Hill Morgan, SP Cooper, C 2004, Shoulder work intensity with Six Sigma. Nurs Manag. 35, 28-32. Moore, R 2007, Selecting the right manufacturing improvement tools what tool? When? Amsterdam, Elsevier Butterworth-Heinemann. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/book/9780750679169. Santos, J Torres, JM WYSK, RA 2015, Improving production with lean thinking. Hoboken, N.J., Wiley. https://rbdigital.oneclickdigital.co

Taoism Essays (260 words) - Taoism, Tao, Religion In China, Laozi

Taoism Taoism was first thought of by Lao Tzu. He thought that if you seek order and harmony and observe that nothing in nature strives for fame, power, and wisdom. Tao means "The way" or the universal force that guides all things. The philosophy of Lao Tzu came to be known as Taoism. Chinese people who learned the philosophy left society and lived closer to nature (Krieger, Reynolds, Neill, 88). The sign of the yin yang is a very common symbol in Taoism. Yin is the dark side of life. Yang is the light side of life. Without each other life would be unbalanced and unable to survive. Some of the great masters of yin yang and Taoism are Lao Tzu and Chuang Tzu. The hexagrams around the yin yang represent the forces of life that interact with each other (Dithrich). Taoists believe in the universe as being alive. They believe in the primal chi. The chi is the pivotal energy and living soul of the universe (Huang, 214). Many masters of Taoism, believe in worldly problems rather than political, "Their concerns were other-worldly. They sought self- awareness and self-cultivation in the transcendental..." (Parrinder,327). Taoist people believe that Tao, also meaning oneness, is the mother of all things. This philosophy influenced poets and artists. Taoism is simple and is close to nature. They believe that events in life should take their natural course and not be touched or stopped (Farah, Flickema, Hantula, Johnson, 77-80). Taoism is a religion still practiced in China. Other cultures believe in a form of Taoism too. It is a naturalistic religion that will be practiced for years to come.

How to Give a Great Group Presentation

How to Give a Great Group Presentation No matter how much you plan (or hope) otherwise, its nearly impossible to make it through your college career without having to do some kind of group presentation. Whether its for an introductory course or your senior seminar, group presentations are part of everyones college experience. And nearly everyone has had a bad experience working and presenting as a group. So just what you can do to make sure that your required group presentation is one to remember in a good way, of course? Step One: Make Sure Everyone Carries Their Own Weight Easier said than done, though, right? This step is the most critical but also the most challenging. From the beginning, however, it can be helpful to outline what everyone will do from start to finish. That way, if someone starts to slack off, its clear whats happening and you can discuss it with the group member, discuss it with the rest of the group or, if necessary, discuss it with the professor. Unfortunately, too, even if people try to pick up someone elses slack in a group, that discrepancy inevitably becomes apparent during a group presentation. And the last thing you want is someones laziness sabotaging your entire groups work, from start to finish. Step Two: Schedule Deadlines and Rehearsals in Advance As a college student, it can be incredibly difficult to manage your time. And no matter how hard you might try, things inevitably end up happening that prevent you from planning well in advance. However, since you know the unexpected always threatens to happen, plan as much as possible as early as possible. At your first group meeting, set a timeline for when things will be done. Schedule group meetings, deadlines, and rehearsals well in advance. In essence: dont plan to cram by scheduling an all-night stress fest the night before. Even if everything goes smoothly during your work session, everyone will be exhausted the next day. And tired group members are much more like to make errors and otherwise self-sabotage the group presentation everyone worked so hard to put together. Step Three: Present Together and Cohesively If youve been assigned to deliver a group presentation, make sure youre having different people present one main presentation, not having different people present different presentation. (And no, having everyone split going through the Power Point slides doesnt count as cohesive.) How can your groups material best be delivered? What presentation strengths do your group members have? What goals must you meet during your presentation? Whats the best way for everyone to come together to make sure those goals are met? Step Four: Have back-up (like an understudy) for each part of the presentation. If youre putting in the effort to have a great group presentation, dont let fate get in the way of all of your efforts. Even if youre dividing up your presentation, make sure at least one other person can serve as a backup presenter for every part of your delivery. Even if everyone is carrying their own weight, you never know who is going to get unexpectedly sick or face a family emergency. If you, as a group, can all sub in for each other, youll not only work to prevent unexpected disaster when it comes to your grade, but youll reinforce your own mastery of the material (and its delivery). Step Five: Do at Least One Rehearsal You may think you can just briefly mention what youre going to cover in the presentation and then be good to go. And while this can be helpful, you might surprise yourself by realizing what you can learn by doing an actual run-through. Even if you think youre being clear, your fellow group members can provide positive, constructive feedback about where and how you can improve. And while that may seem temporarily uncomfortable, its a lot easier to deal with than the permanence of a bad grade. (Side note: When doing your rehearsal, talk about what each person will be wearing. You dont want some members showing up in formal clothes while others show up in shorts and flip-flops.) Step Six: Remember that Everyone is Presenting the Entire Time The main aspect of a group presentation is that the group is presenting the entire time. This means that, even if your part is over, you dont get to just sit back, secretly check your phone, and stop paying attention. Everyone in your group needs to remain attentive, alert and engaged during the entire delivery. In addition to making your overall presentation look better (your professor, after all, will inevitably notice if your entire group stops paying attention by the time the last presenter is up), youll be better equipped to step in if someone is struggling or to answer questions if and when they arise. Step Seven: Celebrate Afterward! Group presentations are such a pain because, well, theyre such a pain. They take a lot of hard work, effort, coordination, and teamwork. Consequently, celebrating afterward is most definitely in order. Rewarding yourself as a team can be a great way to make sure your group presentation experience is one to remember in the positive way youd hoped.

How to become a certified nursing assistant (CNA)

How to become a certified nursing assistant (CNA) If you’ve ever been in a hospital or a nursing home you’ve likely seen a certified nursing assistant (CNA). CNAs work under the supervisions of register nurses or licensed practical nurses to provide basic care services to patients in medical centers, nursing homes and other long term care facilities. As with many other healthcare positions, the demand for CNAs has been growing for years and according to the United States Bureau of Labor and Statistics, they project job growth of 11% for these positions through 2026. Skills needed to become a certified nursing assistant (CNA)From an educational standpoint, a CNA is required to have a diploma or GED and must pass a CNA certification program before earning their license. Typically, a CNA training course will take between six to twelve weeks to complete and includes classroom work as well as hands-on training with clinical activities. While some states differ slightly on training requirements, in general, a CNA will be tra ined on essential skills such as:Infection controlAnatomy and medical terminologyProper documentation techniquesBasic nursing skills and patient care such as taking vital signs, bathing, dressing, and groomingPatient rightsCommunication skillsThe certified nursing assistant (CNA) examAfter completing classroom training, aspiring CNAs must then pass the two-part CNA exam to earn their license. The first part is a written test which consists of 60 to 75 questions depending on the testing provider. Different states use different testing providers, the three main ones being:Headmaster – 75 questionsPrometric – 60 questionsPearson Vue – 70 questionsA score of 80% or higher will pass you in every state, though you can pass in a few select states with scores down to 70%. While test taking can be nerve-wracking for some, there are a lot of excellent free CNA test practice resources available online to help prepare for exam day.The second portion of the exam is the CNA s kills test. This portion of the exam requires the potential CNA to demonstrate a selected number of skills for a test proctor. Typically, tests will include the demonstration of five skills from a predetermined list, with one or two required skills such as demonstrating proper hand hygiene. This section of the test is typically the hardest and requires diligent preparation to successfully demonstrate and explain each skill.Obtaining a certified nursing assistant (CNA) licenseOnce the state CNA exam has been passed there are still additional steps to become and remain a licensed CNA. The next step is to submit for a license application to the state licensing board. This is usually a two page or less application that asks for basic information such as name, address, social security number, driver’s license number, criminal background, etc. In addition, CNAs will need to supply documentation to show they’ve completed a state approved training program along with a fingerpr int for a thorough background check.Once the above steps have been completed and a license has been obtained, a CNA will be expected to complete continuing education courses to maintain their license. Many employers will subsidize this training if asked. Typically, CNAs are required to complete 48 hours of continuing education every two years.Finding a job as a certified nursing assistant (CNA)There is tremendous demand for CNAs presently, and that demand will likely continue to grow in the future. This has led some employers to get creative in their recruiting efforts. Many facilities, especially nursing homes, will offer to cover the cost of CNA training for potential employees in exchange for agreeing to work for them for a minimum period of time upon completing their certification. While not every employer will offer up this kind of a deal, a quick search on any of the major job search websites should turn up a number of local opportunities near any population center.How much do es a certified nursing assistant (CNA) get paid?The most recent number from the Bureau of Labor and Statistics pins the average salary for CNAs at $27,510 per year. That said, there are a number of factors that can impact how much a CNA gets paid. The first factor is location. The average annual salary for a CNA in Alaska, for example, is $37,950. That’s the highest average salary in the United States, while the lowest is in Louisiana, where the average annual pay is $21,880. The second factor is the industry in which a CNA works. There are a broad range of industries that employ CNAs, including the federal government and scientific research businesses. A job in one of these sectors can mean a pay increase of $10,000 or more over a job at a home health care service business or an assisted living facility.The takeawayBecoming a CNA can be a relatively quick and easy way to gain a stable paycheck and get a foot in the door in the healthcare industry. Certification can be gained quickly and fairly cheaply, or even free in the right circumstances. While the initial pay isn’t particularly high, many CNAs progress into transitional education programs to become licensed practical nurses or into other higher paying healthcare roles. Depending on a person’s situation and goals, becoming a CNA can be a career destination or the first step on a bigger career journey.About the AuthorAshley Grader is a career advisor, assisting those interested in starting a career in healthcare. With over a decade of nursing experience, she assists new CNAs, LPNs, and RNs start their career on the right track.

Should Companies google Applicants or seek Facebook Profiles in the Research Paper

Should Companies google Applicants or seek Facebook Profiles in the Hiring Process - Research Paper Example Kennedy and Macko (2007) also argued that the information available on the site is personal in nature and should not be investigated by employers for conducting the hiring process. However, the information that is present on social networking sites is posted by the user with his full consent. It is a commonly accepted fact that there are privacy concerns on the internet and social networking sites. The candidates whose information is searched by the employers are also aware of such privacy concerns and would refrain from posting personal details and information if they feared its viewing to the general public. Jones, Schuckman and Watson (2007) included an interesting, yet alarming figure regarding the degree of fraudulent and violent instances in organizations on an annual basis; US retail businesses tend to suffer more than $50 billion approximately in a single year due to fraudulent activities, violence in the workplace and organizational assets theft. Such increasing rate of loss es and fraudulent activities provoke the organizations to perform due diligence regarding the applicants to ensure that their resources, training and development ventures are not wasted on individuals who might not be trustworthy or loyal human beings. When an organization employs an individual, a relation of mutual trust is developed between the concerned parties. As a result, many organizational secrets and assets might be managed by the employees. It is vital for employers to confirm that the information provided by the applicants is accurate and personal conducts of the employee will not hurt the stature of the company. DeKay and DeKay (2008) included relevant figures regarding the degree of lies that are often witnessed in applications and resumes. They revealed that around 70% of college graduates lie about their qualifications when they apply for jobs. This is an appalling figure that needs to be reduced with the help of effective measures. Fishman and Morris (2010) stated th at such inaccurate information can be confirmed by means of

Capital structure of CVS Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Capital structure of CVS - Essay Example Therefore, equity financing effectively increases the weighted average cost of capital. 3. Schedule out & calculate EVA. Is it good or bad and what brings EVA up & down for CVS There are various ways of measuring a firm's performance. One way is to use accounting measures such as return on equity, return on assets, etc. Another way is to use market measures and determine the firm's performance by looking at the stock's value. These measures, however, do not provide an effective evaluation of firm performance. One such measure that determines the true value-creating performance of a firm is Economic Vale Added (EVA) analysis. This analysis attempts to determine the net contribution to value by a company's investment decisions which other measures fail to provide. This means the after-tax returns of the company should exceed the cost of capital invested. EVA is calculated as follows: EVA = (ROIC - WACC) x Invested Capital Formula for Return on Invested Capital (ROIC): ROIC = Net Income / Liabilities + Shareholders Equity ROIC for CVS = 11.4% Invested Capital = market capitalization = 262,500,000 (common stock * share price) EVA for CVS is: 7,875,000 EVA is dependent on return on invested capital as well as the cost of capital. Higher ROIC and a lower cost of capital can increase EVA significantly. 4. Look at EVA & how do you need to change bank statements to create the best capital structure An EVA of 7,875,000 means this is the net contribution to value added by the company's investment decisions. Higher EVA can alter the capital structure by increasing the proportion of equity to debt. However, every company has a target in terms of maintaining... Weighted average cost of capital is the discount rate used to convert expected future cash flow into present value for all investors. Using the book value of debt and equity, CVS is 26.2% financed by debt and 73.8% financed by equity1. Cost of equity can be calculated using the capital asset pricing model. There are various ways of measuring a firm’s performance. One way is to use accounting measures such as return on equity, return on assets, etc. Another way is to use market measures and determine the firm’s performance by looking at the stock’s value. These measures, however, do not provide an effective evaluation of firm performance. One such measure that determines the true value-creating performance of a firm is Economic Vale Added (EVA) analysis. This analysis attempts to determine the net contribution to value by a company’s investment decisions which other measures fail to provide. This means the after-tax returns of the company should exceed the cost of capital invested. EVA is calculated as follows: Look at EVA & how do you need to change bank statements to create the best capital structure? An EVA of 7,875,000 means this is the net contribution to value added by the company’s investment decisions. Higher EVA can alter the capital structure by increasing the proportion of equity to debt. However, every company has a target in terms of maintaining an optimal capital structure that minimizes cost of capital and maximizes shareholder wealth. A higher equity and lower debt in the capital structure substantiates.

Policy Development Paper Essay Example for Free

Policy Development Paper Essay In this paper, research will be made on reducing prison population and how policy affects and restores how the system works. In the research of how to reduce prison population will include statistics, facts, and public opinion history information which will support the policies claims. This topic has always been controversial and the following research will indentify the stakeholders and their opinions as they relate to the proposed policies and how politics will have an impact in its implementation of these policies. Finally the author will provide policy recommendation and the justification for these policies. In the last several years, this country has gone through many changes in the criminal justice system and one of the major changes is prison overcrowding and the unwarranted prison costs that come with it. This problem not only affects one area of the nation’s prisons, it is practically a problem in every state of the United States. One major question that policymakers should be addressing is whether is it worth having these expenses just to have low-level drug using criminals in jail that are consuming an estimated 65 billion a year? There have got to be a better way to deal with these types of low-level criminals which do not have any business in the prisons whatsoever. These drug offenders need help with rehabilitation and getting their drug problems handled not throwing them in prisons where they are only going to learn more criminal behaviors from the other violent inmates. Two major factors that contribute to the overcrowding of the prison population are: the technical violations those individuals brake like probation and parole, not showing up to court, and just following simple instructions that the parole or probation officers give the offenders and they break those rules. The second factor is that prisons have their policies and if inmates do not follow them and break them they will be punished and serve more time, another reason is that policies change often and for that reason inmates have their sentences increased all the time. In order to reduce the prison overcrowding and maybe have some hope of sinking the recidivism rates, the criminal justice system needs to make some changes and try different alternatives to prison. With the implementation of community-based programs, reminiscent of drug rehabilitation programs, electronic monitoring and house arrest, there can be better results for individual who are trying to better their lives instead of throwing them to the prison system and having them learn new criminal skills from real violent criminals. To prevent overcrowding in the prison system, there are alternatives that the system can use instead of throwing everyone into prison and having to spend much more money for people that clearly do not belong in the prisons. One way to decrease the prison population is to evaluate the prisoners and really study the individuals who are ready to be rehabilitated and serve time in productive manner and this way the prisons can decrease costs at the same time (Heroux, 2011). There are people in this country that may have very extreme views about prisons, they feel that in a modern society, prisons should not exist and everyone has the right to be free (Heroux, 2011). In ones opinion, views like that have no place in this country or any country at all, because it is necessary to have prisons to have control over people that are really aggressive and violent who cannot live freely in our society or else they would cause nothing but chaos in the streets and citizens would not be safe. Society may feel that if policies get tougher with our criminals, the results will be lower crime rates. Unfortunately it does not matter if policies and laws get tougher because not only in this country, but in the whole world, the criminals do not care about laws and policies. Criminals think, act and live a life of crime different than the normal law abiding citizens of this nation, which is why they do not follow the laws and going to prison just comes with the territory f or them. A criminal is well aware that some day they will be behind bars and it does not matter how severe the laws or policies are they will continue to live that life of crime (Marion Oliver, 2006). It is thought to be said that if all criminals were to be locked up, they would not commit any crimes and therefore society would be safer (Heroux, 2011). Statistics show that there is no relationship between mass incarceration and decreased crime rates (Heroux, 2011). Proponents of mass incarceration will lead you to believe that during the 1990s an increase in incarceration resulted in the decrease of crime rate, but this is just a typical case of cherry-picking data to mislead the public. There are three different cases with totally different outcomes that show no evidence that mass incarcerations will decrease the crime rate. In the first case since the 1930s throughout the 1960s, both incarceration and crime rates bounced up and down just a bit, but they stayed at a set level (Heroux, 2011 ). The second case showed that incarceration rates and crime rates shot up simultaneously in the late 1970s to 1980s (Heroux, 2011). The final case showed that incarceration rates sustained its level while crime rates decreased in the 1990s and in the 2000s the incarceration rates continued to increase while crime rates stayed at the same level (Heroux, 2011). So in order to deal with all the prisoners who show potential to have a good rehabilitation in the system, we must provide them with good programs because they are still costing the states billions of dollars every year. First of all the correctional system should be looking closely at those individuals with a low level and first time offenders because they clearly do not belong in the prisons, they belong in programs where they can start paying they dues to society and get them ready to be productive members of society. These individuals have a much higher percentage of not returning to the system because they do not show signs of violent behaviors. Although they have broken the laws, these types of offenders usually have a higher rate of recidivism than ot her individuals who go through the prison system (Heroux, 2011). One major factor why offenders return to prison is because prison will habitually teach individuals to be aggressive and more often than not will make them engage in criminal behavior once they are released to the public sector (Heroux, 2011). On the other hand, alternative sanctions that are more suitable for offenders will eliminate that feeling of trying to commit a crime all the time; it will teach individuals new habits instead of teaching them how to be criminals. Here are different options in which the criminal justice system can adopt to eliminate some of that recidivism rate and decrease it so that the prisons will not be so overcrowded. The first sanction is electronic monitoring, this device had been around for some time now and it works as long the individual does not muddle with it and try to trick it a take it off. Another program in which offenders can be reprogrammed is with community service, probation, parole and restorative justice. Although these sanctions have been designed for individuals who can make a change and have not shown to be violent in prisons, there are prisoners who definitely cannot participate in these types of programs for the reason that they cannot be rehabilitated due to mental issue s and violent behaviors. Of course these programs are not for everyone, just because the programs are available it does not mean that anyone can participate in them. There are steps to be taken by the prison administrators and the courts before allowing an individual to go thru one of these alternative sanctions. One problem that is in the minds of politicians and the states is how much will these programs cost will it be cost effective to send these individuals through these programs to reduce the prison overcrowding. The data shows that alternative sanctions have been proven to be cost effective and they are successful in reducing the criminal behavior and decreasing the prison population (Heroux, 2011). The goal of the criminal justice system is not to eliminate all prisons all together, but to keep them full of individual who really deserve to be there, for instance violent, aggressive and mentally challenged individuals who cannot be walking around in the public because they pose a threat to the society. Another program that is helping many individuals and juveniles especially is the drug treatment programs. As we all know, jail and prisons do not always work for many individuals because they have different problems that need to be looked at by specialists, for example drug addiction. Adult and juveniles who were charged with drug offenses, but they were not violent had the chance to participate in these programs to try and rehabilitate themselves and not return to their bad habits and prisons. These alternative programs are there to give hope to many individuals who did not have the same opportunities that others had and with some training they can be successful and be model citi zens. As a condition to these criminals is that if they do not participate and cooperate with the program the only solution is to return them to prison where they can serve their remainder of their sentences. Drug treatment programs usually take from 16 to 24 months of residential drug treatment depending on the severity of the individual’s addiction (The National Reentry Resource Center, 2012). Drug treatment programs have a successful track record in different states of the country. According to the National Reentry Resource Center, participants who were successful in completing the program were 33 percent less likely to return to prison, 45 percent less likely to be convicted (The National Reentry Resource Center, 2012). In conclusion, alternative sanctions exist so that individuals can have a second chance to straighten up their lives and not return to prisons where more damage can actually happen for them. The programs will not be easy to complete, but in the end they will feel proud of themselves and they will be ready to face the world in a different perspective. Studies have been shown that individuals who participated in alternative programs were more than likely to be more successful than individuals who did not participate in them. The programs mentioned above have been used for years and they have been proven to decrease the prison population, but in order to make a difference we as a society need to support these programs because they are very expensive and is the only way we are going to decrease the overcrowding in our prisons. References Dunn, W. N. (2008). Public Policy Analysis: An Introduction (4th ed.). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall. Heroux, P. (2011). Reducing Prison Overcrowding, Improving Justice and Preventing Crime. Retrieved from http://www.huggingtonpost.com/paul-heroux/ways-to-reduce-prison-ove_b_925603.html Marion, N. E., Oliver, W. M. (2006). The Public Policy of Crime and Criminal Justice (Rev ed.). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall. The National Reentry Resource Center. (2012). Justice Center. Retrieved from http://www.nationalreentryresourcecenter.org/what_works/evaluations/washingtons-drug-offender-sentencing-alternatives-dosa

Greek Gods and Myths :: Greece Mythology Gods Goddesses Essays

Greek Gods and Myths Andromeda is a herm pillar St. George defeats a dragon = paganism is replaced by Christianity Perseus travels to the axis mundi (which is always a narrow passageway) He attends Hippodameias marriage where he uses the gorgon head (transmutation of Athena) and changes the dinner guests into stone (herm pillars) He changes the whole nature of Mycenae of the Old Minoan tradition into the age of Zeus The meaning of Mycenae is changed to mushroom, from what it had once been named after the sisterhood The liminal hero has moved forward to Zeus role Another story of Perseus (backwards version) -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- His dads name is Proitos, and moms name is Strong Cow (Queen) Proitoss daughters are named as the sisterhood of Proitides The Proitides start itching because of the oestral cycle and they become cows They encounter Perseus and tear him to pieces Another Perseus -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- His name is Bellerophon, which means killer of Belleros He also rides on Pegasus just like Perseus He comes to Strong Cows city Strong cow gets the oestral itch and falls madly in love with Bellerophon He keeps away from her The queen lies to her husband Proitus and says that Bellerophon had raped her Proitus gives Bellerophon a letter that tells him to go to Africa=underworld Bellerophon goes to Africa and then is sent on a mission to find a deadly beast named Chimaera that is composed of a lion with a tail of a serpent. He is successful in finding the Chimaera. And during his mission he sleeps with many women from the underworld. While riding on Pegasus, Pegasus smells the mares on heat on Mt. Olympus and rushes to get there. Bellerophon falls from Pegasus and is maimed. He wanders in the midst of Asia. Hercules (in Greek= Herakles) -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- If one is moving towards and Olympian identity, they should leave behind their physicality. Herakles gets his name from Hera, sinister name named after the goddess. The false atamology of the name means killer of Hera, or the great queens finger guy. He leans on a pillar and is the pillar guy of the goddess. He is associated with the entheogen of the club=the trunk of the olive tree; lion skin; archery =toxins; and cup of wine Antias -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- He is the one who greets you when you come to the underworld. He is an African who has a close association with mother earth, and is chthonic.

Research Design and Methodology Essay

Method of Research This Study will use the Experimental method of research.The experimental method involves manipulating one variable to determine if changes in one variable cause changes in another variable. This method relies on controlled methods, random assignment and the manipulation of variables to test a hypothesis. The researchers decided to use experimental method because it is the most suited kind of method of research for our Investigatory Project which is involves creating a new product. Respondents of the study The respondents of our study are the 1st year students of Roosevelt College Rodriguez School Year 2012 – 2013. The researchers decided to use the 1st year students because they are the youngest among the high school students, proving that they are the ones that are most obedient and cooperative students. The researchers used 5 neighbor are chosen as respondens. Locale of the Study The study was conducted at the Roosevelt College Rodriguez, in the high school department. Roosevelt College Rodriguez is a private non-sectarian high school which is located at Manggahan, Rodriguez Rizal. It was established in 1962 and it is one of the branches of Roosevelt College System. It is a three-story building which has 53 well-ventilated and well-lighted rooms. Roosevelt College Rodriguez has facilities like elderly care rooms for the care giver course. It has also fine laboratories namely three computer laboratories, in which each has approximately 25 computer units. One highly maintained speech laboratory which contains 40 cubicles and one equipment and apparatus. The school has its own air conditioned resource learning center (library) with several books that can help the students in doing researches and home works. It has an audio visual room (AVR) to be used for meetings, small sized events and presentation of videos to the students. A function hall was built recently that serves as a venue for different events/programs, seminars conducted inside the campus for the whole year round. Roosevelt College Rodriguez also has facilities like a  canteen, covered walk, basketball court, herbal garden and a wide school ground that were highly maintained and can assure the security of the students. Being managed by our beloved directress, Mrs. Carmencita V. Alcantara, Roosevelt College Rodriguez has passed the PAASCU level 1 status accredited private school and is now undertaking and complementing requirements for the level 1 PAASCU accreditation. Research Instrument The research instrument that the researchers used is a questionnaire which was made by the researchers. The questionnaire consists of 5 different questions all concerning our product, the Spinanggay Cookies. The questionnaire will be answered by checking 1 of the boxes that corresponds to the following Excellent – 5, Very Satisfactory – 4, Satisfactory – 3, Failed – 2, Poor – 1. Procedure: 1. Preheat the oven to 375 °F/190 °C 2. In a medium bowl, combine flour, salt, and baking soda. To reduce lumpiness, sift through a sifter or sieve. Gently mix these together, then set the bowl aside. 3. In a large bowl, beat the butter and sugars together, then beat in eggs and vanilla. The coarseness of the sugar granules will help break the butter down, so be sure to do these first. Then add the eggs and vanilla and mix again until completely combined. 4. Slowly add the dry ingredients from the medium bowl to the wet ingredients in the large bowl, and then add spinanggay powder. Pour some of the dry ingredients, stir, and repeat until the dry and wet ingredients are totally combined. 5. Drop spoonful of cookie dough onto a pre-greased or a lined baking sheet. Leave at least an inch of space between the cookies because they’ll spread out when they cook. You can usually fit 12 cookies on a full-sized cookie sheet at a time. 6. Bake for about 9 to 11 minutes. Remove the pan from the oven and let the cookies rest on the pan for 3-4 minutes. Seventh, using a spatula, lift cookies off and place onto wax paper or a cooling rack. Let cool for about 5 more minutes. Last, Eat when hot and steamy or cooled and slightly crisp. Experimental Design In gathering the data for our research, we conducted a survey on the 1st year students of Roosevelt College Rodriguez. The â€Å"table of random numbers† was used to identify the 30% of the 1st year students which was going to be our respondents. Before conducting the survey we passed a copy of our questionnaire to our teacher to validate the questionnaire. To conduct the survey we went to each section of the 1st year and handed out the questionnaires and a piece of the Spinanggay cookies. After answering the questionnaires, the questionnaires were returned to us for the tabulation of results to make a conclusion. Statistical Tools Weighted Mean We will use the weighted mean to rate and get the results of the questionnaire that will be given to our respondents and to make our study accurate. Table 1 represents the tally of the respondents’ answers together with the computed weighted mean and the verbal interpretation. Question 1, earned a weighted mean value of 3.00 interpreted as satisfactory. This suggests that the spinanggay cookies tastes good and the respondents liked the Spinanggay Cookies. Question 2, got a weighted mean value of 3.00 weighted mean value in table 1. It is interpreted as Very Satisfactory, showing that the respondents find it easy to observe the taste of the Malunggay and spinach while eating the cookies. Question 3, obtained a weighted mean value of 3.00, and interpreted as   Satisfactory. This shows that the respondents think that the Spinach and Malunggay tastes good when mixed together. Question 4, got a weighted mean value of 3.00, and interpreted as satisfactory,implicating that the respondents think that the Spinanggay Cookies is not too good but is good enough to sell in the market. Question 5, earned a weighted mean value of 3.00, and interpreted as Satisfactory,implicating that the Spinanggay Cookies may be as good as the commercially sold cookies.  Based on the table 1, the product is acceptable. The respondents particularly liked the taste of Spinaggay cookies. The taste of spinach and malunggay may be observed easily as it was the one with the highest weighted mean value, with 3.00 weighted mean. The lowest is 3.00 which correspond to number 4 asking if the product is ready to be sold in the market. It acquired the verbal interpretation of Satisfactory showing that the product is ready to be sold but may still be improved to increase sales if it is sold. 1. Does the Spinanggay cookies taste good? 2. Were you able to taste the spinach and Malunggay in the Spinanggay cookies? 3. Do you think that the Malunggay and Spinach in Spinanggay cookies complement each other? 4. Is the spinanggay cookies good enough to sell in the market? 5. Is the Spinanggay cookies comparable to commercially sold cookies?

Home Depot Essay

Organizational talent is where the organization has the best of the best personnel in as its staff. This covers all the departments of the organization from subordinate staff, production staff as well as the technical staff. Having such a staff base can be advantageous to the organization in terms of efficiency and quality service delivery. The Home Depot Company is one such organization that has the very best personnel as members of its staff. According to Bullard (2010), there are a few basic tactics in which and organization can make maximum of use of its organizational talent and they are: Remove your Constant Underperformers: It is a waste of resources to pay an employee whose performance is not worthy talking about. Therefore in order to remain with employees who can perform, it is wise to get rid of the nonperformers. This is one strategy that the Home Depot uses to improve its service delivery. Bad apples: There are many obstacles that an organization encounters in the day to day running of its activities; therefore for there to be smooth running of the business, the organization should get rid of these internal and external obstacles. Hidden gems: Each organization has the â€Å"silent performer†. This is the employee who is never in the limelight but delivers the best services for the company. Discovering this employee and nurturing him through motivation is the best way that an organization can use to ensure that the organizations talent is maximized. High-quality outside hires: Short term outsourcing can be beneficial for the company especially in technical areas. The human resource department should always be on the look out for those potential employees who can add value to the business and hire them when need arises. The Home Depot as an international brand intends to use the following management techniques to gain a competitive advantage in the Do It Yourself industry (Hewitt, 2007). Performance Management: The performance management allows the company to evaluate the individual performance of its employees and as such it can able to tell which employee fits in which department and how to ensure they deliver the best service for the company. Compensation Management: Nothing can be more motivation an employee as being rewarded for good performance. The Home Depot Company is one such company that ensures that its best performers are recognized and rewarded. This gives them more moral to perform and deliver quality work for the company. Learning Management: Employee training forums help them to be able to learn about new production as well as sales and marketing and as such they can be able to diversify and produce more quality goods. The Home Depot intends to use this management feature to ensure that their staffs especially in the production sector are well trained and conversant with the latest market trends and designs. Social Networking: Social networking can also be referred to as team building, even thou this concept is not new at the Home Depot company, it seeks to improve it and come up with diverse methods of networking and team building. Discuss the Key Channels that Home Depot Developed for Recruiting Talent By recruiting talent, the Home Depot has been able to build the following key basic channels of organization management as well as customer relationship management. The Home Depot has been able to discover capabilities that can be used to determine the success of the customer experience as well as the customer relationship management (Hewitt, 2007). Some of the capabilities include the design and implementation of viable customer relationship management (CRM). This will be used to ensure that clients’ needs are well taken care of. Another key channel that the Home Depot developed by recruiting talent is that it has been able to determine the most productive channel for each department. This has ensured that the level of production in the organization is on steady upward progress in each and every department (Hewitt, 2007). The last key channel of development that the Home Depot develops by talent recruit is that it has been able to build a mutual relationship between itself and its various business partners and associates. This has helped it to ensure that there is smooth running of businesses it the various franchises that it operates in and outside America. Discuss the Critical Programs used by Home Depot to Keep Talent in their Pipeline  The Home Depot has put in place a few programs / strategies that are meant to ensure that the staff it hires are not tempted to jump ship and search for greener pastures but they stay committed to their work. For the new recruits, they are first guided on the various functions of the department they will assigned to, after which they are given a challenge to undertake (Hewitt, 2007). The talent will feel â€Å"empowered† by the challenge given to him / her and will strive to deliver the best, however the management is always on the standby to ensure that they are given any support that they may require. In addition to that, the skilled talents are allowed to try out a variety of roles before they can be advised on the best carrier choice to take. Finally the talents are given an opportunity to try out new innovations and ideas that they might have, by so doing the talents will feel appreciated and as such it will hard for them to leave the organization (Hewitt, 2007). Discuss Three Lessons Learned by Home Depot related to Talent Management. Some of the lessons that the Home Depot learned in relation to talent management are: Investing in talent, give programs time to work, listen and respond to naysayers. Listen and Respond to Naysayers: In every organization, there is always positive and negative criticism coming in from all quarters. The Home Depot has learnt to use the public relation skills by always giving a positive and promising feed back to any criticism that is raise against it. In so doing the company has been able to draw admirers from different regions of the world. Youth Investment: The youths can be used to determine the future of an organization, this is because of their willingness to work, learn and deliver. The youths are also innovative and filled with creative ideas. The Home Depot extensively invests in the youths in all sectors and departments. The youth are then given the responsibility of delivering quality serviced for the organization. Time: The rush by most organizations to have instant results is what makes the programs the implement fail, however when it comes to Home Depot, it has learnt to give time for the programs it implements to develop, mature before the results trickle in. y so doing, the company has been able to reap maximum inputs from the output it gives. Summation / Conclusion The Home Depot Company is a sure that with good planning and implementation, any business can grow into an empire in the shortest time possible. In addition to that investing in youth talent is another way for a company to expand rapidly. The Home Depot should spread its customer base to other untapped market like Africa where there is a lot of potential.

Gene Therapy

Gene Therapy Gene therapy shows promise for Parkinson'sSevere tremors, rigidity of the limbs and loss of muscle control characterize Parkinson's disease, strikes as many as 100,000 Americans each year. The cause is unknown and the disorder results from death of brain cells that produce a neurotransmitter called dopamine. The dopamine plays a key role in transmitting commands from the brain's muscle control centers.Researchers had two teams that used the same technology for performing gene therapy. They inserted a desired gene into a common virus called adeno-associated virus. The genes each team used where very different. Both teams' leaders had no financial ties to the company.One team study, led by Dr. Matthew J During, used a gene that is the blueprint for an enzyme called glutamic acid decarboxylase. This enzyme converts chemicals in the cell into a neurotransmitter called GABA, which is important for controlling muscle movements. Injecting GABA directly into the brain ease symptoms of the di sease but the hormone is quickly cleared out of the system.Steve SelkirkGene Therapy: Historical OverviewGene therapy is by no means a new field of scientific query. The idea was first proposed back in the 1950's when James Watson and Frances Crick described a model of the double-stranded helix of DNA and basically discovered the structure of deoxyribonucleic acid. At that time, Crick was quoted as saying, "We used to think that our fate was in our stars. Now we know that, in large measure, our fate is in our genes" (Barker, 1995, p. 12).Knowing that DNA is composed of nucleotide base pairs in certain patterns, scientists began to ask questions about the DNA structure and how it could be manipulated. Scientists understood that the base pairs could be arranged incorrectly, and this prompted them to wonder if it would be...

How a Genetic Mutation Led to the White Race

How a Genetic Mutation Led to the White Race Imagine a world where everyone had brown skin. Tens of thousands of years ago, that was the case, say scientists at Pennsylvania State University. So, how did white people get here? The answer lies in that tricky component of evolution known as a genetic mutation. Out of Africa It has long been assumed in scientific circles that Africa is the cradle of our human civilization​ and that it was there that our  ancestors shed most of their body hair around  2 million years ago. They quickly evolved dark skin for protection from skin cancer and other harmful effects of UV radiation. Then, says a 2005 study conducted at Penn State, when humans began leaving Africa 20,000 to 50,000 years ago, a skin-whitening mutation appeared randomly in a sole individual. That mutation proved advantageous as humans moved into Europe. Why? Because it allowed the migrants increased access to vitamin D, which is crucial to absorbing calcium and keeping bones strong. Sun intensity is great enough in equatorial regions that the vitamin can still be made in dark-skinned people despite the ultraviolet shielding effects of melanin, explains  Rick Weiss of the Washington Post, which reported on the findings.  But in the north, where sunlight is less intense and more clothing must be worn to combat the cold, melanins ultraviolet shielding could have been a liability. Just a Color This makes sense, but did scientists identify as well a bona fide race gene? Hardly. As the Post notes, the scientific community maintains that race is a vaguely defined biological, social and political concept...and skin color is only part of what race is- and is not. Scientists still say that race is more of a social construct than a scientific one because people of the so-called same race have more distinctions in their DNA than people of different races do. In fact, scientists posit that all people are roughly 99.5 percent genetically identical. The Penn State researchers findings on the skin-whitening gene show that skin color accounts  for a minuscule biological difference between humans. The newly found mutation involves a change of just one letter of DNA code out of the 3.1 billion letters in the human genome- the complete instructions for making a human being, the Post reports. Skin Deep When the research was first published, scientists and sociologists feared that the identification of this skin-whitening mutation would lead people to argue that whites, blacks, and others are somehow inherently different.  Keith Cheng, the scientist who led the team of Penn State researchers, wants the public to know thats not so. He told the Post, I think human beings are extremely insecure and look to visual cues of sameness to feel better, and people will do bad things to people who look different. His statement captures what racism is in a nutshell. Truth be told, people may look different, but theres virtually no difference in our genetic makeup. Skin color really is just skin deep. Not so Black and White Scientists at Penn State continue to explore the genetics of skin color. In  a study published in Science on October 12, 2017, researchers report their findings of even greater variants in skin color genes among native Africans. Such diversity, says  evolutionary geneticist Sarah Tishkoff, the lead author of the study, likely means that we cant even speak of an African race, much less a white one.

MARKETING PLANNING Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

MARKETING PLANNING - Essay Example What demographics lay waiting for the product launch? What such developments and trends effect the possibilities or eventual life of the product in question? And what answers to all these stated complexities has the company planned to take? These questions eventually merge into the economic chapter with questions such as the development and effect of prices, savings and the general trend of people and society has taken and its effects. Are potential factors of production, inclusive of the natural resources as well as capital and labor within the reach of the company so as to expand considerably? Do any of its decisions pose a legal threat or complication? The eventual effect of technology is another factor. Is the technology available adjustable or a new and expensive capital investment is necessary. If so, is it too expensive for the cost-push inflation effects to discourage its life as a commodity? Does if have influences or is victim to being influenced by political or cultural co mplications? And lastly the market structures are analyzed. The customers and their reactions and trends towards similar or new innovative products considered. The size of the markets, the type and the profits analyzed. What about significant competition and the resulting cut in prices? The facilitators and marketing firms, the suppliers and indeed the distribution and dealers considered. Only then, after such a study, is a product, truly launched (Dibbs and Simkin, 2008). The main problem that Sky faces in order to launch its services to a broader audience is, simply put, the different components that can promise a success. First and foremost, the 3D audience that Sky wishes to capture is basically the ones who own HD televisions in the Europe, amounting to around 12 million households. These customers, already getting accustomed to their new and expensive HD sets, are less likely to appreciate further funding into

Strategy, analysis, & Evaluation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Strategy, analysis, & Evaluation - Essay Example This reflective study essentially intends to significantly reveal upon the wisdom and learning I received from the trainers and teachers. In the given course module, I have largely read regarding the concepts, theories and importance of strategic management and crucial evaluation of the facts I have understood during the curriculum and how can I relate as well as apply this in my prospective career (Lock, 2004). To carry out this investigation, self reflection method will be implemented. In this study, I will depict about my learning during the course and will mirror upon how I apply those learning in my professional career. In this contemporary world, where everything is occurring in real time, businesses and organizations are continuously focusing on strategies and techniques helping them grow and develop at the same time. The legacy of marketing theories and concepts can be traced back to the time when trade and commerce came into light. The marketing theory has greatly influenced the peak of other theories relevant to commerce and business. Beside development of marketing theories, various other parallel streams such as commodity development, internal management analysis, institutional marketing, industry analysis, branding and promotion, advertising and media also experienced wonderful expansion and progress (Pettigrew, Whittington and Thomas, 2006). The quick evolution, that occurred just after the Second World War added escalation in the 1960s. This time the push was largely on operational management and organizational behavior which also strongly influenced the theories of marketing. The report deals with strategic management audit of a large hospital. Extensive secondary research was taken up as an approach to gather relevant information. Primarily the research was done in the area of strategic auditing with respect to the organization as well as the industry itself. This analysis helped me in understanding useful insights about the theory as well as r ealistic and practical application of strategic management auditing. The goal of the report was to understand and evaluate the internal and external analysis of the hospital and prepare strategies which will help in growth and sustainable development of the organization in future. The report was based on an organization called King’s College Hospital NHS Trust, which is undergoing a comprehensive strategic investigation. Research about the hospital assisted me to understand the process flow of an organization in a service industry. This also provided me an opportunity to closely review the various occupations, functional activities as well as operational aspects of a hospital and importance of their smooth and appropriate integration for the proper functioning of an organization. Apart from that the project also helped me in learning various theoretical and academic models associated with the assignment. For example, I learned and made use of different concepts such as value chain analysis; VRIN analysis and stakeholder approach, but barely had any consciousness and practical knowledge about the methodological sides of these concepts. The assignment not only widened my overall understanding about the various concepts but provided me with a firsthand experience of the practicality and

MANAGING ASSETS AND RESOURCES IN THE DIGITAL FIRM Essay

MANAGING ASSETS AND RESOURCES IN THE DIGITAL FIRM - Essay Example I would recommend to my boss to adopt the framework and point out a few recommendations to incorporate with the information systems framework in the company. The first recommendation I would make for my boss is that he should develop a larger network for the use of information system framework outlined by Damsgaard. This is because the framework works best on a larger scale (Damsgaard & Karlsbjerg, 2010). Secondly, I would recommend for my boss to set up a maintenance system for the new framework of system software. This will prevent information system failure experienced by companies when the systems fail to serve their intended purpose. Thirdly, I would recommend to my boss to set up a training panel because the new set of system software will require adequate training to enable employees obtain the basic skills needed in the operation of the operation of the software. Lastly, I would recommend my boss to take a risk in purchasing the software. This is because profits are achieved when an organization decides to take a risk. I believe that components of information systems software outlined by Damsgaard are effective and a business that incorporates it stands a higher opportunity of being successful (Damsgaard & Karlsbjerg,

Management Accounting: Information for Decision-making

Management Accounting: Information for Decision-making Management accounting information should comply with a number of criteria including verifiability, objectivity, timeliness, comparability, reliability, understandability and relevance if it is to be useful in planning, control and decision-making. Explain the meaning of each of the criteria named above and give a specific example to illustrate each. Give a brief explanation of how the criteria detailed in (a) might be in conflict with each other, giving examples to illustrate where such conflict might arise. Question 2 : (Information for decision-making) The overriding feature of information for decision-making is that it should be relevant for the decision being taken. However, decision-making varies considerably at different levels within an organization, thus posing a particular difficulties for the management accountant. Describe the characteristics of decision-making at different levels within an organization. Explain how the management accountant must tailor the information provided for the various level. Question 1 (a) Management accounting information should comply with a various number of criteria including verifiability, objectivity, timeliness, comparability, reliability, understandability and relevance if it is to be useful in planning, control and decision-making. Below we are discussing about the criteria needed to achieve its natural reason which is for planning, control and decision- making. The first criteria of management accounting information is verifiability. It means the ability through consensus among measurers to ensure that the information represents the purposes and the right method of measurement has been used without any errors or bias. It also means that it is observable to outsiders, in the context of model of information. Verifiability refers to the ability of accountants to ensure that accounting information is what it is meant to be. The outsiders cannot see the accounting informations and the references to those variables in a contract between the two parties cannot be enforced by outside authorities. An example of verifiability is that of two accountants looking at the same information like inventory valuation and coming to similar conclusions. There are three key aspects in verifiability. The first aspect is consensus among observers. The second one is the assurance of correspondence to economic things and events. The third key aspect is direct verifi cation versus indirect verification. Besides that, objectivity is another criteria that is also another useful aspect in planning and making decisions. Most accountants these days rely on verifiable evidence. Example of verifiable evidence are invoices, delivery notes, receipts, physical counts or even financial statements. By practicing objectivity, it is now possible to compare financial statements of different firms with an assurance of reliability and also uniformity. In another words, when the management accountant is providing information to the top-level management, they should provide the accurate result without altering or changing anything so that the manager will be able to make a accurate decision without being influenced by anyone. Moreover, Timeliness is one of the important parts for management to balance the relative merits of timely reporting and the provision of reliable information. Timeliness is concerned with having information to meet needs of decision makers before it loses its capacity to influence decisions. More accurate information may take a longer time to produce. Thus, to provide information on a timely basis, it may often be necessary to report before all aspects of management accounting transactions or any other event. Example, a firm may test-market a potential new product in a city. Despite a long wait for the accurate marketing report may cause a slight delay in the managements decision to launch the new product nationally and the information will be useless to the decision making process. Thus, it is one of the managerial accountants role in the decision-making process which will decide what information is relevant to each decision problem and provide accurate and timely data. Not forgett ing that its a conflicting criteria. Delaying information can significantly influence decisions and can rob information of its potential usefulness. Timeliness can have a direct impact on stock prices. Late reporting can represent bad news or a negative forecast. If the delay is great, it allows the opportunity for more information to be reported and to be supplied or maybe even speculated on by other sources. The next criteria is comparability. This criteria helps us to compare the financial statement of an entity through time in order to identify trends in its financial position and performance. At the same time, this criteria also helps to evaluate and compare the financial statements of different entities. It provides information about a particular entity that can be compared with information about other entities and with similar information about the same entity for some period or some other point of time. For an example, the management accountant should prepare the accounting information in a consistent way using historical concept for every year so that it will be much easier for the company to make comparison with the past accounting information or related entities. The heads of the company must determine if they want comparability to be driven by the type of instrument or other factors such as management intentions and industry segments. For an example, financial service, software and also manufacturing. Another criteria which is also needed is reliability. It is the quality of information that assures that information is reasonable free from any errors and are bias and faithfully represents what it purports to represent. It related to faithful representations and verifiability. An aspect in the context of reporting for financial instruments is the reliability of measurements including relevant disclosures about such reliability. For example, the staff has observed that many constituents seem to equate reliability with verifiability, not representational faithfulness. For purposes of discussion at this meeting, the staff plans to collect those sub-characteristics into three groups. The first one is, Faithful representation, including completeness and substance over form. The second one is verifiability, including precision and uncertainty. The last one is neutrality, including freedom from bias, prudence, and conservatism. The second last criteria is understandability. It relates to the users perspective and financial informations that are useful. It could be increased by reducing complexities for users through reporting information that represents the underlying economics, or by reducing the number of alternative accounting methods applicable to a subset of asset. Informations that increases the understandability are definitely very useful. Understandability is known as when the users have a reasonable knowledge of business and economic activities and accounting and a willingness to know more the information with reasonable diligence. Information about complex matters that should be included in the financial statements because of its relevance to the economic decision making needs of users should not be excluded merely on the grounds that it may be too difficult for certain users to understand. For the example, management accountant should prepare the accounting information or summarize of the report and analysis that easily understood to the decision maker in order to let them easy to make final decision. One other noteworthy aspect of the interaction of the financial statements and Management Commentary is the understandability of the information provided in the financial reports. Understandability can be adversely impacted by placing related information in different parts of a report and not providing the user with a cross reference. If the IASB does add guidance on Management Commentary to its existing guidance on financial statement disclosures, this would provide an opportunity to better integrate related information. The last criteria is relevance. It is also very important in the planning, control and decision-making. Relevance is the capacity of informations that are needed to make a difference in a decision by helping the users to form predictions about the outcomes of the past, present and future events or even to confirm or correct prior expectations. Relevance may be represented by determining which values assigned to financial instruments allows user to make better decisions based on the information provided to them. Informations may be deemed more or less relevant based on which measurement basis is being used. Different decisions basically will require different type of data. For example, an analysis on a project should not have any information on indirect costs because it is not relevant for making decision of the project and should include any prime cost because it is relevant cost for the decision-making. Question 1 (b) Management accounting information is used to satisfy the management needs. Those informations are useful for planning, controlling and decision making. However, these criteria also face conflict amongst one another. Conflict simply refers to the incompatibility or interference of ones idea, event, or activity with another. In this case, the conflict between criteria will happen when satisfying a criterion affects another criterion being difficult to fulfill as they are in collision with each other. They are few types of conflicts involved. Below are the conflicts. Relevance vs Reliability Relevance and reliability are two important criteria which are needed while making a decision. However, often there are some conflicts occur because of these two conflicts, requiring a trade-off between various degrees of relevance and reliability. A forecast of a financial variable may possess a high degree of relevance to investors and creditors. However, a forecast necessarily contains subjectivity in the estimation of future events. Therefore, because of a low degree of reliability, generally accepted accounting principles do not require companies to provide forecasts of any financial variables. Reliability and relevance often impinge on each other. Reliability may suffer when an accounting method is changed to gain relevance and vice versa. Sometimes, it may not be clear whether there has been a loss or either on relevance or reliability. The introduction of current cost accounting will illustrate the point. Proponents of current cost accounting believe that current cost income from continuing operations is a more relevant measure of operating performance than is operating profit computed on the basis of historical cost. They also believe that if holding gains and losses that may have accrued in past periods are separately displayed, current cost income from continuing operations better portrays operating performance. The uncertainties surrounding the determination of current costs, however, are considerable, and variations among estimates of their magnitude can be expected. Because of those variations, verifiability or representational faithfulness, components of reliability, might diminish. Whether there is a net gain to users of the information obviously depends on the relative weights attached to relevance and reliability (assuming, of course, that the claims made for current cost accounting are accepted). Comparability vs Consistency Comparability is another important criteria for planning control and decision making. Comparability which enables users to identify similarities in and differences between economic phenomena should be distinguished from consistency; the consistent use of accounting methods. Concerns about comparability or consistency should not preclude reporting information that is of greater relevance or that more faithfully represents the economic phenomena it purports to represent. If such concerns arise, disclosures can help to compensate for lessened comparability or consistency. Timeliness vs verifiability Timeliness and verifiability is needed all times for decision making. Information is useful when it is timely. To be timely, the information must be available when needed to define problem or to be begin to identify possible solutions. Those criteria might conflict with verifiability. It is because when needed verifiability information, it may take time to calculate or to get it after production process is end. Verifiability is the useful information when it is accurate. Before relying on information to make decisions, it is important to ensure that the information is correct. For example, a production manager has to decide the actual amount of lychee to be used in produce of 10000 units of lychee drink. But, because of the time given is limited, he has to prepare the report to the top management by forecasting the amount of lychee that will be used. Although he has meet the criteria of timeliness, he is might not meet the criteria of verifiable. This is because, he did not use the a ctual amount of lychee that will be used. This might cause some problems to occur during the production process. The cost of lychee is lower or others factors. When the production has come to an end, he will be able to know the actual amount of lychee that was been used. So, there is a conflict between timeliness and verifiability. Timeliness vs reliability Another conflict is between timeliness and reliability. Information is said to be reliable when they incorporate all aspects of a transaction as well as other events in order to facilitate users in deciding on any issue regarding the latter. However, most of the times in providing timely reporting, those aforesaid transactions or events are never taken into account as it occurs after the report is prepared and thus impairing reliability. In interest of timeliness, the reliability of the information is sacrificed, every loss of reliability diminishes the usefulness of information and as time pass, and either the reliability of the information drops or increase accordingly. For example, the material supplier decides to supply only one of the Material A. Company Y is very interested and is capable to buy the Material A. The supplier is interested on selling the Material A to Company Y, but there is no contract signed between them. As time passes, the supplier received an offer from Comp any Zs, with a higher price and shorter time compared to Company Y. Therefore, Material A is selling to Company Z and Y loses the Material A. Company Y is reliable on material supplier to get the Material A yet the supplier needed to sell the Material A in a shorter time to get the profit. So, supplier decides to sell it to Company Z. Thus, the criterion of timeliness is conflict with criteria of reliability. Question 2(a) The process identifying problems and opportunities and resolving them is called as Decision Making. Decision making is intertwined with the other functions such as planning, coordinating and controlling. Decisions are made in order to change the companys current status to a more desirable state of affair. Managers, teams, and individual employees make company decisions, depends on the scope of the decision and the design and structure of the organization. Organizations which have decentralized structures will delegate more decisions to teams and front-line employees. Programmability, uncertainty, risk, conflict, scope, and crisis are the characteristics of decision making. Programmability is divided into two. They are programmed decisions and non-programmed decision. Programmed decision means identifying a problem and matching the problem with established routines and procedures for resolving it. Whereas, the non-programmed decision is the process of identifying and solving a problem when a situation is unique and there are no any previously established routines or procedures that can be used as guidelines. Uncertainty also has two types. They are certainty and uncertainty. Certainty is the condition when all the information is needed to make a decision. However, uncertainty is the condition when the information available to make a management decision is incomplete. Risk is the level of uncertainty as to the outcome of a management decision. Risk has positive and negative aspects too. Decision environment for risk vary depending on company size and culture. Those who work in entrepreneurial firm must be more comfortable with making risky decisions than those who work in large corporations with established procedures. Next characteristic of decision making is conflict. It is always hard to get everyone to agree about what to do. Conflict over opposing goals, utilization of scarce resources, and other priorities are often characterized in decision making. Decision scope is the effect and time horizon of the decision. The effect of a decision includes who is involved in making the decision and who is affected by it. The time horizon of a decision may range from a single day to five years or more. There are three different level of management. They are the top-level management, middle level management and the lower management. The top-level management takes the strategic decisions. The middle level management takes tactical decision. And the lower level management takes the operational decision. The top level management who makes the Strategic decisions encompasses a long term perspective of two to five years and affect the entire organization. Top level managers, or strategic manager are also called senior management and executives. They are those individuals who are at the top one or two levels in an organization. Examples of top level management are The Chief Executive Officer (CEO), Chief Financial Officer (CFO), Chief Operational Officer (COO), Chief Informational Officer (CIO), President, Vice President, Chairman and Board of Directors. They have the long-term vision for the company. They are not involved in day-to-day tasks need to possess conceptual skill so as to set the goals for the organization as a whole. For example, Jerry Yang, the former chief executive of YAHOO, was criticized when a $44.6 billion acquisition bid from Microsoft failed under his watch. They frame the organizational policy. They are also responsible for mobilization of resources. They generall y make large budgetary decisions for the company and are responsible to the shareholders and the general public. The success or failure of the organization rests on the shoulders of the top level management. Middle level managers are those in the levels below the top managers. Middle level management makes Tactical decisions which have a short-term perspective of one year or less and focus on subunits of the organization, such as departments or project teams. Tactical decision is the mixture of strategic decision and operational decision. Example of middle management is General Manager (GM), Plant Manager, Regional manager and Divisional manager. Middle level managers are responsible for carrying out the goals set out by top management with setting goals for their departments and other business units. Tactical decisions, the medium term decisions about how to implement strategy, are delegated to middle managers. Middle management decisions might include marketing a new product, communicating with and managing lower management and determining what issues need to be addressed with top level managers. Each individual middle management department develops a strategy to meet its inner departm ental goals. Lower level management makes Operational decisions which cover the shortest time perspective, generally less than a year. Operational decisions, short term decision or also called administrative decisions about how to implement the tactics affect daily tasks and generally handled by lower level managers. They are often made on a daily or weekly basis and focus on the routine activities of the firm such as production, customer service, and handling parts and supplies. Office managers, shift supervisor, department manager, foreperson, crew leader and store manager, are responsible for the daily management of line workers. For example, supervisor may decide to reward the most productive employee with an employee of the month award, or offer incentives such as gift certificates. The last characteristic of decision making is Crisis. Decision making during crisis is more challenging and difficult than under ordinary conditions. Making a decision in a crisis situation can make or break the career of a manager.   Question 2(b) A management accountants duty is to provide information to users who are part of the organization from various levels. However, different level of management has different information needs. Thus, a management accountant has to tailor the information for them. The first step that should be taken before the management accountant provides any type of information is that he should be clear and understand the company vision as the top, middle and bottom management of an organization. The top-level management is responsible for the long term strategis plan with strategic decisions for about 5 to 10 years time. Therefore the top management will create a mission, which will consist of a more specific goal that unifies companys efforts. So, the management accountant should prepare budgets for top management accountant to decide which projects have to undertaken to achieve the companys goals. Budget is a strategic plan that details the action that must be taken during the following year. It also pinpoint the responsibility of achieving the budgets to respective managers inline the company policies. For example, management accountant prepare the imposed budgets to top management before imposed to middle management to achieve targets. In the top-leve l management, a management accountant should be responsible for all or a part of a companys financial status, actions and transactions. The management accountant should also maintain budgets, perform financial analysis, build business strategies and also manage their relationships with investors and auditors. In middle management, they are responsible for developing and carrying the tactical plans to accomplish the organizations mission. Tactical plans specify how company will use resource, budgets and people to achieve company goals within its mission. In this level, management accountant will use various methods to decide the profit with minimum production costs. Profit volume analysis is one of the methods to calculate changes in cost and sales in determine the profit. Management accountant will calculate breakeven point where the level of sales of company needs to achieve at zero profit. After that, management accountant also prepared the report on scare resources which the supply of resources is limited by define the limit factor. Then, management accountant will produce the product that give higher contribution per limiting factor and take considerations of qualitative factors before final decisions is made. Final decisions is means whether to make or to buy the decision. It is situ ation where an organization is given a choice to produce by own resources or pay other organization to make the product. After management accountant prepare the information in form of cost volume profit, limiting factors analysis and decisions about activities either to buy or to make, middle management have to decide, carrying the tactical plans and delegating the responsibility of jobs to the operational management. In a summary, the types of information that a management accountant should tailor to middle-level management is like preparing financial statements, assess internal controls, supervise accounting staffs, complete and review tax returns and also help to manage the general ledger. Lower lever management is responsible to carry the operational plans where it is related to day to day plans in producing products or services. For example, management accountant will determine the economic order quantity for lower management to know the amount of inventory they should reorder order to minimize ordering cost and holding costs. Therefore, lower level management will order the maximum order. In the lower level, the types of informations a management accountant should tailor are receivables and payrolls, financial statement and compliance audit, help in the budget department and also prepare reports for the controllers department. Question 2(c) An example of a typical management decision is Strategic Decision. Strategic Decision would normally be taken at first level which is top management. A top management approach is one where an executive, decision maker, or other person or body makes a decision. This approach is disseminated under their authority to lower levels in the hierarchy, who are, to a greater or lesser extent, bound by them. For example, a structure in which decisions either are approved by a manager, or approved by his or her authorized representatives based on the managers prior guidelines, is top to bottom management. Top management translates the policy (formulated by the board-of-directors) into goals, objectives, and strategies, and projects a shared-vision of the future. It makes decisions that affect everyone in the organization, and is held entirely responsible for the success or failure of the enterprise Strategic decisions are broad based, qualitative type of decisions which include or reflect goals and objectives. Strategic decisions are non quantitative in nature. Strategic decisions are based on the subjective thinking of management concerning goals and objectives. Besides that, there are impact of mergers and acquisitions on top level management. Impact of mergers and acquisitions on top level management may actually involve a clash of the egos. There might be variations in the cultures of the two organizations. Under the new set up the manager may be asked to implement such policies or strategies, which may not be quite approved by him. When such a situation arises, the main focus of the organization gets diverted and executives become busy either settling matters among themselves or moving on. However, the decision maker must be well equipped with a degree or must have sufficient qualification to solve the problems that arises. Knowledge of management accounting is needed by the decision-maker to come out with relevant information. A part of that, there might be an impact on tax because of this decision made. The information provided not only for the inside people but also for the external people such as shareholders or supplier. On the other hand, top management will practises non-routine concept for all the activities held. Non-routine is known as nonrecurring decision such as the following to accept or reject a special order; to make or buy a certain part, to sell or process further, or to keep or drop a certain product line or division. In these types of decisions, the decision maker must have knowledge of relevant costs and contribution margin.