Illiteracy as Third World Problem Essay

It is true that illiteracy is becoming a serious problem in industrialised nations. This is surprising as most people think that this is a problem only in under-developed nations such as in parts of Africa and India. Illiteracy is related to many other problems such as poverty, over-population and governmental corruption. Let us take a more detailed look at the causes of this growing problem in many Western nations. One of the most obvious reasons for the increase in illiteracy is the advent of television. Children no longer have to read to obtain information. Neither do they have to read to relax. Today children get home from school and go straight to â€Å"the box† to watch their favorite program. Watching television is much easier and more exciting than reading. Another reason for the increase in illiteracy is the fact that so many women work. This means that children are often alone at home and so they are unsupervised. When parents get home they are often too tired to spend quality time whit their children. It is also true that many people blame schools for the decline in illiteracy. In many countries there has been a move away from teaching basic skills such as reading and writing. There are many effects of this growing illiteracy rate. The most obvious is unemployment. This may in turn lead to alcohol and drug abuse. Ultimately the economy of the country begins to suffer and there is a drop in living standards. To address this problem, parents need to become more aware of their responsibilities and schools need to consider a change in their teaching methods. If this worsening trend is not reversed, the problem of illiteracy will become very serious.

Personal Development Paper

I was influenced the way I determine different actions or behavior in a particular situation since I was a child. Growing up with a Baptist mother and four brothers made me value different things and behave in a particular way. In addition, this made me a have a particular ethical system that influences the way I work and act as an individual. At the corporation level, ethics is important because they set the rules and policy. In this paper, I will explain the developmental aspects of my ethics as well as my ethical system, the effects of my ethics at my workplace, and importance of ethics in an association to achieve its goals. My ethical system was shaped since I was a child. Growing up with a Baptist mother, definitely influence the way I value my family. In addition, some of my decisions are influenced by this Baptist upbringing. We treated everyone in the neighborhood like relatives, so even if you had one parent the neighbors would help the parent raise you. This was the standard I was use to until middle school, when I started wanting more freedom. My ethical system really started to develop then. The middle school I went to was 97% black 2% Hispanic and 1% white. As kids on the verge of being teens, we would test each other to do things that we knew was wrong just to see if we could get away with it. As dumb as it sounds that was the rules. As a kid, you do not think of what can go wrong. Then in high school things, changed hormones took over and everybody wanted sex. We know at that age that should have been that last thing on our minds but it was the first thing we thought about from sun up to sun down. My ethics would not allow me to take drugs. I saw for myself the effects of drugs and that was a route I could not take. Joining the Army really set in stone my ethical system that I would come to live by. We had so many rules and regulations that govern us that it only took one mistake to ruin your life. My underlying ethical system was in jeopardy every day. Treat people how you wanted to be treated even if they did not. The drill sergeants did not have to treat us like people, so we became a product owned by the US government. I learned honor, duty, respect, selfless service, leadership, and other things. That is when I discovered that the world was bigger that just me. One time in Afghanistan, one of my soldiers was on detail to help fix roads in country. The location that they were at had not been scan for landmines. The people in charge did not know that, so I jumped in a vehicle to find her so she would not be injured. By the time I got there, they were already in the middle of the minefield. I should have waited for the recovery unit to get there but I did not want see anyone be killed. First, I made them stop what they were doing and backtrack all the way out. No one got hurt it was the fact that made feel like I did the right thing for my fellow soldiers. This was a case of a duty-based ethical system. Then along came the marriage and the family. This is where my ethical system changed to a relativistic system. Dealing with a wife and kids there is no black and white, but there are many gray areas. You can never be right unless you agree with your wife even if she is wrong. The kids ask questions that you cannot answer so you tell them something made up just to make them better. The potential effects of my ethics on my performance helps me make the right choices at work most of the time. Shipping parts and items internationally there are a lot regulations you have to follow. Some people try to cheat the system and half way do paperwork thinking we can let them get away with it. Well, if that happens and the item is held up at the docks or on the plane, the company has to pay a fine a big fine now a day. If you are involved in that, you can be fired. One time not too long ago we were helping a customer get their parts shipped to out Hardy facility. After 4:00pm, you cannot ship any big item at that time because of traffic. We told the manger that the item could not ship it will have to go out tomorrow. He stated that the customer wanted the item that day and could not wait. The item went out any way and was damaged because the driver had to take back streets to get to our other facility. The item was so tall that it hit every tree it came in contact with which cost the customer $125,000 dollars to fix. The next time they try to ship anything they have to get permission from more than just the customer. They have to get hand written permission from three different sections so they can get the best service that we can give them even if we do not give what they want all the time. Ethics are need in organizations like mine so people will not take advantage of other co-workers and the customers. People in these companies sometimes treat the worker unfairly and will not pay them for their worth. They work long hours and get no compensation. Some companies like ENRON cheat people and cause problems globally because of the different investors that have invested in the company. The individual loses their job, the organization suffers in the public’s eye and society see the company as a sham. If an organization’s ethics are being held by the employees the company does well and the people know that the organization can be trusted. Most of these organizations have ethics classes and different types of learning programs to help the employees understand the importance of ethics. Conclusion Many different factors guide a person to have the ethical standpoint they have in life. Over time and as that person grows their ethics change and grows with them. There are no black and whites, good and bad, just people for the most part doing what they believe to be right in there point of view.

Checking the Resistance through Wire

Check the resistance with wire We will use the constantan wire to check the resistance wire; our deformation is wire of different length. I chose this because it seems like an interesting deformation and proves that sometimes it is acceptable and safe to use long lines rather than small rows. For the experiment, use the following equipment.  · As a power pack, Constantine wire, ammeter group, we take the voltmeter and the ammeter into consideration, cut the different lengths of the constantan wire and indirectly connect them to the power pack. Examining the resistance of a wire is the name of the wire's resistance to the tendency of electrons to travel through the wire. The greater the resistance generated by the electron, the greater the voltage required to drive the current through the wire. The resistance value is defined by the following equation. Resistance on resistor R (R) = p  · db Current through wire (I) Tab / Important factors have many factors that can influence. Temp erature, current, line thickness, line length, line resistance. When the temperature rises, atoms in the wire begin to vibrate. That is, since they react electronically, the temperature affects the resistance. The problem with this method is that it is difficult to change the temperature of the wire and keep it at the same constant temperature. A 0.02 ohm resistance wire was used to measure the effect of temperature on the current. Wire thickness is 1 mm. I connected the wire to the battery and measured its resistance. Resistance decreases as the refrigerator temperature decreases. After cooling it to 0 degrees Celsius the resistance reached 0.014. After that, the wire is placed on dry ice and its resistance drops again. The resistance is measured after the star has heated the wire. The resistance of the wire rises as the temperature rises. At 100  ° C, its resistance is about 0.029

English Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 62

English - Essay Example The bottom-up communication gives information about the employee’s needs, perceptions or opinions. Such practices assist the business in tailoring policies as well as programs meant to meet the specific requirements of the employees. On the other hand, top-down communication helps in increasing the utilization of specific workplace policies by ensuring employees are aware of the means to access and use the services (Doctor, 2008). Thus, lack of communication may result in huge losses in any business. For example, a marketing officer in a grocery business failed to inform his seniors that a majority of their products had increased in the market. It is obvious that an increase in supply results to a decrease in the price of a commodity. His reason was that he wanted to make some extra cash from the businesses sales. However, the business was faced with loss as most of its customers opted to buy goods from the rival business. After tracing the cause of their loss, the business managers realized the trick the marketer had played on them. Resultantly, the marketer was sucked, and the business adjusted its prices thereby attracting its former customers. From the story, it is clear that ineffective communication from the marketer caused the business loses. If the marketer was not selfish, he would have communicated on the increase of their goods in the market and the business would have adjusted its prices to move with the trend. Also, he would have retained his job. According to Du, B hattacharya and Sen (2010) communication is an essential instrument for the prosperity of any business. All businesses should, therefore, ensure that there is clear and efficient communication within their premises. Du, S., Bhattacharya, C. B., & Sen, S. (2010). Maximizing business returns to corporate social responsibility (CSR): The role of CSR communication. International Journal of Management Reviews, 12(1),

How good, effective communication skills is well needed in a job of Essay

How good, effective communication skills is well needed in a job of being a nurse - Essay Example That is, nurses should be able to help patients understand their medical issues and also give them in-depth instructions regarding how to care for themselves, and then when it comes to fellow professionals, they need to communicate all the treatment details and other medical related process in a clear manner, so it does not give rise to medical errors and the related eventualities. (). Thus, the focus will be on how effective communication skills are needed to ensure patient safety and importantly to optimize the caring process of the patients. In that direction, proper and clear communication skills have to be exhibited by the nurses while communicating with the fellow nurses and other personnel regarding the treatment process of the patients. That is, not only they need to communicate clearly but also receive the communication in a clear and detailed manner. For example, when giving or receiving instructions about drug administration to the patients, reporting test results, etc., i n-person or through phone, the nurses need to strongly confirm the information before initiating the relevant actions. As it is easy to misunderstand someone's words, â€Å"nurses should repeat the information to ensure they heard it correctly† and could even make the receiver to repeat the same to confirm it further. (Williams). Then, when it comes to the communication between the nurses and the patients, it has to be effective at various levels. Firstly, while providing treatments to the patients, nurses has to clearly and slowly explain about all the medications and patients they are receiving. As the nurses have more day-to-day contact with the patients than other personnel, they need to â€Å"help patients understand their diagnosis and prognosis and teach them how to participate in their recovery.† (Williams). For that, they have to tailor or customize their communication based on the patient’s educational ability, age, medical awareness, etc. In that dire ction, they need to adopt a voice tone, which will be effective to particular patients. For example, while conversing with the children, the nurses can interact with them in a soft and affectionate tone to facilitate them to undergo the necessary treatments particularly during drug administering. The nurses need to communicate to the patients not only their treatment process in the hospital environment, but also the process they have to follow in their home as well. When one focuses on effective communication in nursing, what a nurse says and also how he/she says is just a part of the communication, because non-verbal communication forms a major part of the equation between nurses and patients, and also fellow personnel. In that direction, understanding the body language particularly facial reactions of the patients and also exhibiting strong and at the same time adaptive body language can aid in making a deep connection with the patients and thereby delivering efficient care to the m. Patients’ nonverbal communication can tell the nurses how they are feeling, without the need to talk, and so the nurses should be attentive and focused on those aspects. Then, when it co

Civil Partnership, Marriage & Cohabitation Essay

Civil Partnership, Marriage & Cohabitation - Essay Example Standard property law is used for these couples.2 Cohabitation law may extend to opposite sex couples, same-sex couples, and platonic pairs.3 Therefore, just like with standard property law, if a cohabiting couple breaks up, and it is shown that one of the partners has not financially contributed to the home, even if that partner has contributed child care or labor, then than that partner is still not afforded an interest in the property. This is different in marriage – in marriage, the property is divided equitably between the spouses, regardless of the amount of financial contribution from the parties, or the lack thereof.4 This essay will examine the issues surrounding people who cohabit, as well as the specific cases regarding cohabitation, and will attempt to make recommendations that would help couples be better protected under the UK law. Cohabitation Law verses Marriage Law Property division is an issue when considering cohabitation law and marriage law. Cohabiting cou ples do not have the same property rights as married couples.5 Basically, if there is a cohabiting couple, and they break up, their property would be divided according to ordinary property law, which basically means that the property follows the title – if, for instance, there is a house with only one person's name on the deed, then that person alone is entitled to the property. If both person's name is on the deed, then the property would be divided between them evenly.6 With marital law, it is different – if a marital couple divorces, the property is divided between them equitably, regardless of whose name is on the deed.7 The Marital Causes Act 1973 gives a court the right to order the transfer of property from one party to the other upon the filing of a dissolution of marriage, or the court may also order the sale of property as well.8 This principle is shown in several cases that have been decided in UK Courts. One is Burns v. Burns, which states that if there is a non-working partner in a cohabiting relationship, and that non-working partner does not contribute financially towards the purchase of the house, or the mortgage payments, than that spouse is not entitled to a division of that property.9 The plaintiff in Burns lived with the defendant, without the benefit of marriage. Valerie, the plaintiff in Burns, took care of the children and stayed home, forgoing a career and money of her own. That said, when the relationship progressed Valerie went to work, and paid domestic bills from her salary, along with buying furniture and equipment for the house, while also spending money on children's clothes. She also decorated the interior of the house.10 Despite all that the plaintiff contributed to the household, the plaintiff did not get property rights in the house after the couple broke up. This was because Valerie's contribution to the household did not directly contribute to the finances of the home- she neither made house payments, nor did she contribute to the down-payment of the home.11 This principle was echoed in Lloyds Bank plc v. Rosset, which is a case involving a married couple. 12 In the Lloyds case, the court held that only financial contributions to the home, not conduct alone, would be relevant in awarding property rights, therefore the partner who did not contribute financially was not entitled to any portion of the house. Abbott v. Abbott,13

The Wire Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words - 1

The Wire - Research Paper Example The â€Å"Dickensian aspect† as an aspect in the series, The Wire is a writing from the previous weeks of the current situation and issue of the series. It is extracted for season 1-4/episode 6 of the series and it majorly dwells on an explanation as to the mystery behind the survival of Omar in the three stories that falls from the three main actors of the series, Snoop, Chris and Michael. It further goes ahead to give an explanation on the bizarre around the interference on the tap of Marlo’s cell phone. In the series, this aspect plays a critical part to the future development of the series and this informs my choice to discuss it as the subject of this paper ("The Dickensian Aspect" | The Wire | TV Club | TV | The A.V. Club."). In the first instance, Omar is involved in the crew by Marlo a group which is involved in providing a way of bringing together a scene; the scene later becomes the most fatal injury to a man who is future oriented. Snoop goes ahead to do an inquiry as a concerned individual about the resultant aforementioned injury to Omar a situation which would have resulted to their own doubts even in the case where Omar was actually at the hospitals leave alone now that he is not there and that it is a mere stage managed scenario. The actor, Omar as it turns out is hidden under the noses of the individuals purporting to be looking for the supposed injured Omar. Since Omar fell and his legs got shattered, he finds himself inside janitor’s closet of the same building from which he leapt and this enables the character to hide away from the view of the majority or public. From the episode in the week before this setting a spider man shit is reported to have vanished to avoid keeping up with O mar’s legendary act. This is a highly commendable act as less of the times do we witness such forms of acts taking place in the real world settings. Even though there is more to what we just saw,

In what ways does the Philosophical Investigations differ from the Essay

In what ways does the Philosophical Investigations differ from the Tractatus Logico-Philosophicus - Essay Example He then, in the early paragraphs of the book, subjects a series of doctrines of the Tractacus to sustained criticisms. Although the Tractacus is only occasionally mentioned explicitly, the critiques in the Philosophical Investigations certainly read like a dismantling of the most characteristic ideas of the earlier opus. Because of this, the attitude arose that the Tractacus should be regarded as of largely historical interest and that many of its deepest insights were in danger of being completely overlooked and lost. In light of these, the differences in the Tractacus Logico-Philosophicus can be seen in the discourse of concepts such as ‘confusion† and â€Å"consciousness† as well as in terms of the issue of continuity of Wittgenstein’s philosophies. There was also a radical shift in his conception of language. The Tractacus is considered to be a classic of Western philosophy. In a sense it can be seen as representing both the zenith and the nadir of certain philosophies. It was taken up by the logical positivists as representative of their work. The Tractacus, wrote, Milbank, Pickstock and Graham (1998), embodies the philosophical desire to explain the world, to be able to break it down into analytical parts, whether non-composite simple objects, elementary propositions (elementals), or logical structures. (p. 66) The Philosophical Investigations meanwhile is usually viewed as radically altering Western analytical philosophy, ushering in the â€Å"linguistic turn.† In an attempt to present a synopsis of the thought, Milbank, Pickstock and Ward point to the usual suggestion that it refutes the picture theory of language and its metaphysical explanation while examining various metaphysical problems by dissolving them through an examination of the language used to generate them rather than trying to resolve any of them. (p. 68) The Tractacus is a carefully constructed set of short propositions

The Benefits of Social Media Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

The Benefits of Social Media - Essay Example From the discussion it is clear that with the popularity of digital media, consumers of most products and services have developed an easy flair with the use of social media. This line of consumer behaviour whereby most consumers spend greater parts of their lives on social media gives marketers an obligation of channelling their marketing through the social media. This is a course that has been extensively justified in this report. The report takes a look at the benefits of social media from a marketing perspective. Also, the impact of social media in cost saving marketing and viral spreading of content of marketing have also been emphasised in detail.This study highlights that the dominant role that digital media and for that matter the internet plays in modern business engagements. The digital media and the internet have become avenues for the promotion of both globalisation and competitiveness among modern businesses. This is a fact that cannot be denied, given the extent to which organisations of different outlook depend on digital media and the internet at large to execute business functions. The impact of digital media on modern business was the fact that digital media fits almost every aspect of business engagement in a typical modern organisation. With this said, the current report seeks to single out marketing as an aspect of business engagement to look at how digital media influences marketing in any typical modern organisational setup.

Qualified Teaching Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Qualified Teaching - Essay Example Training to be teachers is imparted in colleges so the teachers are better prepared to face students the whole year round. However, now not all teachers are qualified. They may be graduates in different spheres of work areas. But nowadays, teachers abound in the area of their profession. An engineer could switch over to teaching science and mathematics. An accountant could start all over as teacher of economics, statistics, and accounts. Â  Let us take the case of a teacher who specializes in teaching English as a Second Language (ESL). In the beginning, it will be difficult to fathom the method or syllabus to be used for teaching the language. Actually, there will be no need for elaborate textbooks. It is possible to make do with one textbook and one grammar book. There is also need for a textbook that has basics as well as some exposure to the advanced language. It is necessary to build a method. There will be students from diverse backgrounds. And each student will have his and her own knowledge level in the language to work from. It is necessary to go through several books on the subject. Finally, the teacher settles to one conversational textbook and a grammar textbook. Â  It is good if the conversational textbook has more information in it that needed. But it must be simple and clear in its presentation, and the first half of the book must consist of the needed texts. The other half must be exercises in conversational practice which the students could handle on their own and only revert to the tutor for portions they do not understand. The grammar textbooks used in the fifth to seventh grades serve the purpose of teaching grammar. They covered the complete grammar portion. Â  Knowledge is the key ingredient in ESL. It is easy to teach ESL among non-graduates or undergraduates.

Final Exam Study Guide Essay Example for Free

Final Exam Study Guide Essay Review Sheet Delivered on Monday, December 2, for the Final Exam to be administered on Monday, December 9. Gai Ferdon, Ph. D. Carefully consider each the following questions and be prepared to answer all of them in a multiple question format. The Exam will not contain questions unrelated to these unless presented for extra credit. To facilitate reflective thinking, the Exam will also contain questions related to quotations found in works by significant individuals mentioned in class, for you to examine and tease out the basic assumptions. This review sheet has been delivered one-week in advance of the Exam, offering you ample time to prepare. You are encouraged to tackle sections of the review sheet, presented as subject headings identical with lecture handouts. Budget your time wisely to ensure a successful grade. Move Towards American Independence and State Constitutions American War for Independence (â€Å"1763† 1776-1783) 1. Who originally crafted the Declaration of Independence? With this, what is the significance of ‘Congress’ in its title? Who further altered and ratified the document? – Committee of 5 (Jefferson, Franklin, Adams, Sherman, Robert Livingston) – It’s a split, severing connections with Britain – Continental congress 2. What is the significance of the Declaration of Independence relative to the American Constitutional Order and System? It was a legal charter for the USA 3. Be able to identify the civil principle clearly enunciated in the Declaration of Independence known as the â€Å"Doctrine of the Lower Magistrate. † In this regard, you will need to refresh yourself on the role of the Continental Congresses. Lower magistrate corrects Upper magistrate 4. What is meant by the phrase â€Å"Laws of Nature and Nature’s God,† as America’s legal claim for separation from Great Britain and located in the preamble to the Declaration of Independence? – Their philosophical region for separating from great Britain. God endowed us with certain rights and if they are violated we are allowed to separate from whomever is violating them. 5. You will be required to read certain portions of the Declaration of Independence to tease out its civil principles. In this regard, be able to identify the ‘justification for legal authority’ to separate from Britain, which represents the legal claim made by the representatives. With this, how can we be certain that the Declaration of Independence is not a â€Å"deistic document† textually? Long train of abuses and user patience / they call on God as a witness 6. Three-fourths of the Declaration of Independence is devoted to enumerating twenty-eight charges against King George III. Twenty-four of these charges were originally located in State Constitutions. These grievances also depict violations in relation to what? 7. Does the Declaration of Independence delineate of express a structure of government, or a prerogative of power, and hence, representative of a Constitution? NO 8. What is the difference between the engrossment of the Declaration of Independence and the Dunlop Edition? Engrossment It was handwritten and then signed Dunlop was printed and handed out 9. When did the United States become a sovereign nation? July 4th 1776 10. Where is the engrossment of the Declaration of Independence housed? NARA Articles of Confederation 1781-1789: A System of Confederalism and State Sovereignty and the U. S. Constitutional Convention (May 25 – September 1787): Steps Towards a More Perfect Union 1. What was the nature of the civil arrangement of the Articles government? In other words, was it national, confederal, or federal? – Confederal Government 2. What led to the move towards the Constitutional Convention of 1787? The weakness of the articles of Confederation 3. Make certain you are able to identify the correct dates relative to the adoption of the Declaration of Independence as well as the ratification of the Articles of Confederation, and the adoption of the U. S. Constitution by the Constitutional Convention. Declaration – July 4th 1776 Articles of Confed. – November 15th 1777 US Constitution – September 17, 1787 4. Be able to identify the nature of the deliberations during the constitutional convention. In other words, what was the main concern in regards to forming a new national civil structure? 5. What is the nature of the civil arrangement of the U. S. Constitution? In other words, was it national, confederal, or federal? Confederal What is the nature of federalism? Nature of Federalism – Abuse Power 6. Who drafted the U. S. Constitution? – Committee of 5 (Oliver Ellsworth, James Wilson, Edmund Randolph, Nathaniel Gorhand) 7. Who ratified the U. S. Constitution? – The states The United States Constitution: A Civil Covenant 1. What is the significance of the Federalist Papers (1787-1788)? Be prepared to read excerpts from some of these editorials to tease out the basic ideas. 2. What is the significance of Elliot’s Debates? – The record of the debates of the states on whether they would ratify the constitution or not. 3. What represents the philosophical nature of the U. S. Constitution? – Limited civil government to ensure ordered Liberty 4. Be able to identify the definition of a republic which the U. S. Constitution embodies. – PowerPoint 18 5. Be able to identify the proper definition of federalism. – Divided authority and diffuse power to a tri part system with checks and balances within a constitutional framework for the sake of ordered liberty. (Sovereignty lies no where, its spread out through the entire system. ) Slide 4 6. Why are people best governed by a diversity of power as opposed to a unity of power? Diversity of power makes tyranny harder to achieve 7. What is the law of the nature of the power of the legislative, executive, and judicial branches, which the U. S. Constitution assumes to be true? In other words, what is the function of each of these branches? What Constitutional Articles identify the nature of these powers? – Articles 1-3 slide 9 8. Be able to identify the federal nature of the US Constitution. In this regard, you will be expected to identify the mechanics and structure of Federalism. With this, do not neglect the place of checks and balances and separation of powers as part of Federalism know these categories as well. – Federal in nature, republican in form 9. Be able to identify some of the principal instruments of checking and balancing outlined in the U. S. Constitution. – Veto powers in terms of office. All are located in lecture 18 10. What are the four kinds of power associated with the U. S. Constitution? What is the definition of each? – Enumerated – The power that is expressly given, Implied – Powers that are not expressly given but are implied, Concurrent – Powers possessed by the national and the state governments, Residual – Powers preserved for the states and for the people 11. What is the significance of Amendments IX and X of the Bill of Rights to the U. S. Constitution? – Residual Powers Principles of Economics: Hazlitt Hazlitt Text: Be prepared for one question related to each of the following chapters: Title is the answer 1. Chp. 4: â€Å"Public Works Mean Taxes† – Public works arnt the best idea in the world because it taxes the people more 2. Chap. 5: â€Å"Taxes Discourage Production† 3. Chap. 6: â€Å"Credit Divers Production. † 4. Chap. 11: â€Å"Who’s ‘Protected’ by Tarriffs? † – The governments own interests 5. Chap. 12: â€Å"The Drive for Exports† – To get income a different way than taxing people 6. Chap. 13: ‘â€Å"Parity† Prices’ 7. Chap. 15: â€Å"How the Price System Works† Your Exam will also contain five extra credit questions. With this, your extra credit option presented in Blackboard must be submitted along with your Final Exam.

Brave New World Essay Example for Free

Brave New World Essay Rhetorical Mode and Purpose It is better that one should suffer than that many should be corrupted.? Existing under a socially oppressive government, Bernard Marx constantly endures mental distress as a consequence of his unorthodox views. In Brave New World by Adolf Huxley, the primary protagonist struggles to voice his bitterness and disgruntled opinions, but the repressive World State tyrannize the society, and he ultimately loses his fight in becoming exiled. Narrated in the third person, Huxley details a technocratic government where signs of emotions are rendered treacherous and extreme consumerism forms the core of society. However, even more revolting is the unconscionable replication of nature through mass cloning, affirming the loss of everything fundamentally human. Through Brave New World, Huxley warned past governments who sought to increase effectiveness and stability, and continues to admonish the modern world, against increasing government intervention. Through narration, Huxley provides a panoramic scope of the horrific details and events residing under the command of a domineering government that asserts its omnipresence in all aspects of life. PASSAGE 1 (114-116) I chose this passage for both analytical purposes and interest value. Its surfeit in syntax variations stood out as a highly appealing passage to be analyzed, and the language effectively aroused suspense out of me. As the world of the savages unravels before Lenina?s eyes, her disgust heightens with each event that takes place, furthering repelling her from the culture. The underlying tone of hypnotic anticipation leads the audience through a series of events that build towards the climatical action of the passage. Through rhythmic syntax that propels the scene forward, dissonant diction and savage details, Huxley provides a lurid atmosphere as the lead-in to the horrifying act of sacrifice. Immediately, cacophonous diction begin to agitate the auditory senses. ?Harsh metallic? male voices answering the ?shrill? cries of the women initiates a perturbed mood and foreshadows deplorable events. As the audience?s sense of hearing wears away, ?a ghastly troop of monsters hideously masked or painted out of all semblance of humanity? enters to disconcert the visual senses. Nothing more than monsters completely devoid of human aspects. Monsters capable of executing actions that would appall Lenina?s society. Anticipation builds as the shrieks become ?louder and louder?; their dances, ?round and round? and ?round and round? again. Their actions echo in successions of hypnotic movements that lull the reader into a trancelike state. ?More and more,? the leader flings black snakes ?brown and mottled.? The periodic sentence emphasis this final action as a symbol of savagery and remnant of a primitive culture that ultimately disgusts Lenina. Dull diction such as ?brown and mottled? assembles a drab layer of atmosphere that looms over the tribal ritual. Adverbs and conjunctions advance toward additional events that further feed anticipation. ?And then the dance began?Then the leader gave a signal?Then the old man lifted his hand.? Syntax and diction continue to build suspense as it mounts toward a most horrific action event. Semicolons and commas function as the dominant driving force behind the passage. Instead of inserting common periods, Huxley surrogates punctuations as a link between closely related details that incrementally build towards the summit. Without paragraph breaks to detract from the anticipation, the events flow in a continuous stream while sentence lengths and punctuations determine the rhythm and pacing. The compound-complex sentences are brought to a sudden halt with the ceasing of the drums. ?The drums stopped beating, life seemed to have come to an end.? The device that signaled life halts suddenly and a series of medium length sentences supercedes the long ones. Just as the storm the eye of the hurricane provides temporary respite, the momentary arrest of the beating only creates further anticipation, leaving the reader waiting for the other half of the hurricane. Rather than satiating expectations, syntax lurches the rhythm suddenly to induce greater anticipation and thirst so th at when it resumes, the resulting effect will be of greater impact. The scene shifts from the panoramic view to focus on the interaction between two specific characters, the old man and the boy. Analogous syntax structure directs attention to the progression of actions. ?The old man clapped his hands?The old man made the sign?The boy moved on Succinct details are unaccompanied by imagery or flowery language that would detract from the crucial suspense-arousing events. ?The coyote-man raised his whip; there was a long moment of expectancy, then a swift movement, the whistle of the last and its loud flat-sounding impact on the flesh.? The actions of the savages tapestry the shroud of luridity that continue to repel Lenina while the clause between the semicolon and comma mirror the silence before the strike of the whip. At last, the ?whistle? signifies the anticipated action that syntax, details and diction have all along foreshadowed. ?Twice, thrice, four times round he went?.Five times round, six times round? Seven times round.? Lone words that constitute sentences and telegraphic phrases cut by commas reflect the sound of the lashes. Enumeration of each lash as if a scene from a movie being played in slow motion, grants equivalent emphasize of the pain from each blow. ?A few drops fell, and suddenly the drums broke out again into a panic of hurrying notes; there was a great shout.? The anticipation is finally satiated confirmed by the abrupt burst of drums. PASSAGE 2 (142 144) The details and diction in this passage was striking in conveying John?s fascination with Lenina. It immediately evoked in my mind a scene from Sleeping Beauty where the Prince stumbles upon the bewitched Princess. Lenina?s introduction to John at this point of the novel likens to a scientific experiment where a new and exotic life form is presented in a previously pedestrian environment. John, engrossed with every aspect about Lenina, adopts a humble position and invests her with rapt wonderment. Upon finding her possessions, he takes immediate fascination to his discovery and indulges himself in her relics. John?s actions reflect that of a worshipper. Thus, Huxley employs a tone of reverent infatuation to manifest John?s idolization of Lenina. Dominated by alluring details, the passage aims to manifest John?s unqualified adoration for Lenina. Without delay, olfactory appeal works to captivate John by providing a sense of familiarity, an indication of Lenina?s presence. In ?breathing Lenina?s perfume? and discovering ?a cloud of scented powder?, he conveys his fanatic infatuation, and then continues to ?fill his lungs with her essential being.? A meager waft proves inadequate to satiate John?s desires. Instead, he relishes in bliss, the effusive outpouring of her presence, breathes in her scents like a drug, and allows it to pervade all of his internal organs. In addition, he imagines the ?touch of [her] smooth skin against his face, while other tactile details confirm his nostalgic longing for her. As if in the presence of a goddess, he executes his actions with the most scrupulous care. Bending over the precious box, he touched, he lifted into the light, he examined. Polysyndetons and parallel structures emphasizes each action as distinct entities with equivalent importance. Commas retard the process so as to display not cursory haste, but fastidious devotion   not coarseness, but refinement and not brashness, but the delicacy of a worshipper in tending to a higher life form. Abstract diction continue to manifest John?s obsessive attachment to Lenina. Huxley attributes her possessions with desirous diction, labeling her perfume as delicious, her box as precious, her puzzle, a delight. John becomes entranced by her divine possessions, and muses over Lenina reverently. Delving further into the passage, comparative details attributed to Lenina and syntax portraying John as a stalker reveal the extent of his infatuation. Metaphors ascribe enigmatic aspects to Lenina, which intrigues John and plunges him into enchantment. Infatuated, he derives pleasure from unriddling her bewitched apparels. A simple pair of velveteen shorts likens at ?first a [to a] puzzle, then solved, a delight.? Lenina, furnisher of magically exotic appeal, jolts excitement into his previously mundane life of savagery. Huxley portrays her through John?s eyes as analogous to a mystery to be demystified, lock to be unlocked, cipher to be deciphered ? all of which fascinates John and builds on his infatuation. However, his conspicuous adoration becomes suppressed into a concealed form when agitation forms over the possibility of being discovered. Covert syntax and  diction depict John as an infatuated stalker. ?He heard something ? something like a sigh, something like the creak of a board.? Huxley purposefully employs ambiguous diction such as ?something? as opposed to concrete observable details. Disclosing her hiding position, Lenina?s appearance gradually comes into scope. John replies with stealthy obsession and strategically planned actions, reflected by extra inserts of commas that mirror his wary movement. ?He tiptoed to the door and, cautiously opening it, found himself looking on to a broad landing.? With enchanting metaphors and furtive syntax, literary devices continue to manifest John?s infatuation. Upon reaching the climatical action of John finally disclosing Lenina?s position, the tone ultimately assumes one of consummate reverence. Descriptive details of Lenina fast asleep enhances her chaste qualities. ?So beautiful in the midst of her curls, so touchingly childish with her pink toes?so trustful in the helplessness of her limp hands and melted limbs, that the tears came to his eyes.? Excessive use of the adverb ?so? heightens the degree of her qualities, implying an empyrean life-form inspiring awe. The child-like characteristics solicits sacred protection from John. Huxley?s delineation of her as ?limp? and ?melted? with a ?grave? sleeping face suggests death and ascendance into heaven. John, captivated, reveres her as one would of a goddess. Complex-compound sentences embroiders her purity and innocence while allusions to Shakespeare?s Romeo and Juliet continues to attribute divinity. ?On the white wonder of dead Juliet?s hand, may size/ And steal immortal blessing from her lips.? Comparison to Juliet further implies the notion of her resemblance to a goddess possessing immortality and an ethereal aura. In a humble manner, John ?very slowly, with the hesitating gesture? reach out to affirm the heavenly presence. However, his hands ?hung trembling? as he ruminates on the sacrilegious. Dare he ?profane? with his ?unworthiest? hand? Awe-inspiring details and sacredly connotated diction avouch the tone of infatuated reverence. PASSAGE 3 (232 233) The tone of this passage was not presented by the narration or characters in the novel, but rather created by a passage from a book being read by one of  the characters. I thought it was interesting to analyze a tone inside a passage of a passage. The abstract and metaphysical level of Brave New World reaches its apex when Mustapha Mond proceeds to read a passage from Maine de Biran?s book that justifies man?s eventual submission to God. While Biran holds the creed that individuals ultimately lose control of their lives and inevitably capitulate to the overwhelming siren call of God, Mond challenges that with the World State, one never experiences loss and thus will never seek counsel of religion. Huxley employs a tone of forensic instructiveness to allow both sides to present their cases effectively. Persuasive syntax utilized in Biran?s excerpt efficaciously compels the audience to assume his position. Immediately, the passage adopts the structure of a formal argument with Biran?s proposal of his thesis. ?We are not our own any more than what we possess is our own. We did not make ourselves, we cannot be supreme over ourselves. We are not our own masters. We are God?s property.? Simultaneous use of the pronoun ?we?, and three consecutive negatives carves away at the monolith of individual confidence. The anaphora build logical progression toward the thesis, whose brevity and sole affirmative adverb grants emphasis on unity with god. Also, rhetoric use of first person point of view lends itself to the notion that this pertains to all. Biran?s argument develops into a tone of instructiveness so as to provide support, illustrated by the transition, ?take this for example.? Repetitions in diction function to acknowledge the opposition. to have to think of nothing out of sight, to be without the irksomeness of continual acknowledgements, continual prayer, continual reference.? Syntactical analysis of Biran?s introduction reveal a tone of forensic instructiveness. Upon setting up the premise, Biran now proceeds to counter the opposition by providing rational support. The extensive length and complexity of the sentences that follow, broken down logically by semicolons and commas, carries the reader through a step by step process of rationally reaching a valid deduction. Diction, as well as syntax, justify man?s ultimate  submission to religion. With transitions such as ?feeling thus? and ?from which,? the progression towards the conclusions likens to a mathematical proof abundant with derivations. Anaphoric use of ?as the? and ?less? exhibits an inverse relationship between aging and the sentiments that prevented dependence on religion. Thus, with aging, ?God emerges as from behind a cloud? of with omnipotence, indicated by a series of fate-associated diction. ?Naturally,? one turns to God when he loses control of his world, and will ?inevitably? submit under his ?absolute? and ?everlasting? power. With spiritual and abstract diction, Biran?s concepts appeal spiritually and offer cleansing. ?So pure; so delightful to the soul.? The elongated sentence ultimately reaches its objective, its emphasis granted by a single dash. ? ? a reality, an absolute and everlasting truth.? Enhanced by mathematical instructiveness and persuasive diction, Biran effectively presents his case. After introducing Biran?s position, Mond assumes the tone of forensic instructiveness. He promptly proposes a qualified argument: ?You can only be independent of God while you?ve got youth and prosperity.? Mond builds his case upon the assertion that so long as one attains youthful desires and lives without the fear of death from old age, religion holds no significance in their life. Transitions prove to be the driving force of Mond?s counter-argument. ?Well, we?ve now got youth, what follows? Evidently, that we can be independent of God.? His argument, comparable to Biran?s, progresses logically and employs first person pronouns as well. ?And why should we go hunting for a substitute for youthful desires when desires never fail He summarizes his position with comparative rhetorical questions that juxtaposes both sides of the argument. The inquires detract rationale from Biran?s assertions while promoting his alternate solutions. Through forensic instructiveness, Mond?s counter-argum ent proves to be efficacious as well.

The Process Of Workforce Planning In Supermarkets Business Essay

The Process Of Workforce Planning In Supermarkets Business Essay Work force planning is the process of analysing an  organisations likely future needs for people in terms of numbers,  skills  and locations. It allows the organisation to plan how those needs can be met through  recruitment  and  training. It is vital for a  company  like Tesco to plan ahead. Because the company is growing, Tesco needs to recruit on a regular basis for both the food and non-food parts of the business. Positions become available because: jobs are created as the company opens new stores in the UK and expands internationally vacancies arise as  employees  leave the company when they retire or resign or get  promotion  to other positions within Tesco new types of jobs can be created as the company changes its processes and  technology Tesco uses a  workforce planning  table to establish the likely  demand  for new staff. This considers both managerial and non-managerial positions. In 2008/09, for example, Tesco calculates that to support its business  growth  there will be a demand for around 4,000 new managers. The planning process This planning process runs each year from the last week in February. There are quarterly reviews in May, August and November, so Tesco can adjust staffing levels and recruit where necessary. This allows Tesco sufficient time and  flexibility  to meet its demands for staff and allows the company to meet its  strategic  objectives, for example, to open new stores and maintain  customerHYPERLINK http://www.thetimes100.co.uk/glossaryservice-standards-1285.phpservice standards. Tesco seeks to fill many vacancies from within the company. It recognises the importance of motivating its staff to progress their careers with the company. Tesco practises what it calls talent planning. This encourages people to work their way through and up the organisation. Through an annual  appraisal  scheme, individuals can apply for bigger jobs. Employees identify roles in which they would like to develop their careers with Tesco. Their manager sets out the technical skills,  competencies  and behaviours necessary for these roles, what training this will require and how long it will take the person to be ready to do the job. This helps Tesco to achieve its  business objectives  and employees to achieve their personal and career objectives. Job descriptions and person  specifications An important element in workforce planning is to have clear job descriptions and person specifications. A job description sets out: the title of the job to whom the job holder is responsible for whom the job holder is responsible a simple description of roles and responsibilities A person specification sets out the skills, characteristics and attributes that a person needs to do a particular job. Together, job descriptions and person specifications provide the basis for  job advertisements. They help job applicants and post-holders to know what is expected of them. As they are sent to anyone applying for jobs, they should: contain enough information to attract suitable people act as a checking device to make sure that applicants with the right skills are chosen for interview set the targets and standards for job performance Job descriptions and person specifications show how a job-holder fits into the Tesco business. They help Tesco to recruit the right people. They also provide a  benchmark  for each job in terms of responsibilities and skills. These help managers to assess if staff are carrying out jobs to the appropriate standards. Tescos  organisational structure  has the customer at the top. Tesco needs people with the right  skills  at each level of this structure. There are six work levels within the organisation. This gives a clear structure for managing and controlling the organisation. Each level requires particular skills and behaviours. Work level 1   frontline jobs working directly with customers. Various in-store tasks, such as filling shelves withstock. Requires the ability to work accurately and with enthusiasm and to interact well with others. Work level 2   leading a  team  of  employees  who deal directly with customers. Requires the ability to manage  resources, to set  targets, to manage and motivate others. Work level 3   running an operating unit. Requires  management  skills, including  planning, target setting and reporting. Work level 4   supporting operating units and recommending  strategicchange. Requires good knowledge of the business, the skills to analyse information and to make decisions, and the ability to lead others. Work level 5   responsible for the performance of Tesco as a whole. Requires the ability to lead and direct others, and to make major decisions. Work level 6   creating the purpose,  values  and  goals  for Tesco plc. Responsibility for Tescos performance. Requires a good overview ofretailing, and the ability to build a  vision  for the future and lead the whole organisation. Tesco has a seven-part framework that describes the key skills and behaviours for each job at every level in the company. This helps employees understand whether they have the right knowledge, skills or resources to carry out their roles involves attracting the right  standard  of applicants to apply for vacancies. Tesco advertises jobs in different ways. The process varies depending on the job available. Internal recruitment Tesco first looks at its internal Talent Plan to fill a vacancy. This is a process that lists current  employees  looking for a move, either at the same level or on  promotion. If there are no suitable people in this Talent Plan or developing on the internalmanagement  development  programme, Options, Tesco advertises the post internally on its  intranet  for two weeks. External recruitment For external recruitment, Tesco advertises vacancies via the Tesco website www.tesco-careers.com or through vacancy boards in stores. Applications are made online for managerial positions. The chosen applicants have an interview followed by attendance at an  assessment centre  for the final stage of the  selection  process. People interested in store-based jobs with Tesco can approach stores with their  CV  or register though Jobcentre Plus. The store prepares a waiting list of people applying in this way and calls them in as jobs become available. For harder-to-fill or more specialist jobs, such as bakers and pharmacists, Tesco advertises externally: through its website and offline  media through television and radio by placing advertisements on Google or in magazines such as  The Appointment Journal Tesco will seek the most  cost-effective way of attracting the right applicants. It is expensive to advertise on television and radio, and in some magazines, but sometimes this is necessary to ensure the right type of people get to learn about the vacancies. Tesco makes it easy for applicants to find out about available jobs and has a simple application process. By accessing the  Tesco website, an applicant can find out about local jobs, management posts and head office positions. The website has an online application form for people to submit directly.

Wounded Knee :: American America History

Wounded Knee Wounded Knee was a terrible event in US history. It showed how the US government didn't understand the Native Americans and treated them badly and unfairly. Big Foot was the chief of a subtribe of the Lakota called Miniconjou. He was very old and had pneumonia. He was taking his tribe to the Pine Ridge Reservation in south-western South Dakota. Most of the women and children in Big Foot's tribe were family members of the warriors who had died in the Plains wars. The Indians had agreed to live on small reservations after the US government took away their land. At the Wounded Knee camp, there were 120 men and 230 women and children. At the camp, they were guarded by the US Seventh Cavalry lead by Major Samuel Whitside. During the year 1890 a new dance called the Ghost Dance started among the Sioux and other tribes. The Sioux's Christ figure, Wovoka, was said to have flown over Sitting Bull and Short Bull and taught them the dance and the songs. The Ghost Dance legend was that the next spring, when the grass was high, the Earth would be covered with a new layer of soil, covering all white men. Wild buffalo and horses would return and there would be swift running water, sweet grass, and new trees. All Indians who danced the Ghost dance would be floating in the air when the new soil was being laid down and would be saved. The Gh ost Dance was made illegal after the Wounded Knee massacre though. On December 28, 1890 the Seventh Cavalry saw Big Foot moving his tribe and Big Foot immediately put up a white flag. Major Samuel Whitside captured the Indians and took them to an army camp near the Pine Ridge reservation at Wounded Knee. Whitside took Bigfoot on his wagon because it was more comfortable and warmer, and Big Foot was sick. Whitside had orders to take the Indians to a military prison in Omaha the next day, but it never happened. That night Colonel James W. Forsyth took over. The Cavalry provided the Indians with tents that night because it was cold and there was a blizzard coming. The next day, December 29, 1890, the Cavalry gave the Indians hardtack for breakfast. There was a seize of arms and the soldiers took all the Indian's guns away. A medicine man named Yellow Bird told the Indians to resist the soldiers and not give up the guns, he did a few steps of the Ghost Dance.

Bouncers Contextualising the Play Essay examples -- English Literature

Bouncers Contextualising the Play John Godber was born the son of a miner in Upton, West Yorkshire in 1956. He became a very successful playwright with popular plays such as ‘On the Piste’ and ‘Up n’ Under’ and TV shows like Grange Hill and Brookside. He is known most for his comedy but he has shown in a number of his productions that he includes seriousness alongside comedy for optimum effect. His plays are performed all over the world and have won many awards including five at the Edinburgh fringe festival. However, for some, Bouncer’s is regarded as Godber’s finest work. The inspiration of which came from a club called Kiko’s in Pontefract- it had the added bonus of having fake palm trees on the dance floor! As a political play, we see Bouncers as being quite prominent in that it was published whilst the famed ‘drinking culture’ of Britain was being hyped up to an unprecedented level. Obviously, like nowadays, the government wanted to stamp out what was a big problem. Godber’s comedy in the play exposes a much more profound subject whilst also showing the stereotypical nature of what the youth of the day did. In the lads, the girls and the bouncers Godber tries to convey that these characters are typical of Britain. He shows the funny side of the way in which young people act whilst also unearthing a more sinister subject in suggesting that drink is changing the nation. We see it in all of the characters. For example, the lads were talking amongst themselves very nicely before they go, however, once they leave, a fight breaks out in the club when they have had a little too much to drink. This is typical of the time and many people were actually getting killed because of serious over drinking or get... ...etting drunk regularly in the public eye. Whilst we see people like these have an effect on teens today, in Godber’s time he would have seen the beginning of the problems snowball throughout his life. You can only address the problem like Godber has done and bring it further into the limelight; you can’t stop it with one play. For me, the play is probably even more prominent today than for any other generation beforehand. The problem has really come to a cross roads at which we need to deal with it properly. As Godber shows in the play, it is not really the fact that they get so drunk and out of control, it is the fact that they go out there for the soul reason to get really drunk. He shows us that in order to get rid of the problem, you need to firstly address the way in which people think of alcohol before seeing the next generations outlook’s change.

Women in Tickets Please are More Assertive than Those in Tony Kyters, The Arch Deceiver :: D.H. Lawrence Thomas Hardy Women Essays

Women in Tickets Please are More Assertive than Those in Tony Kyters, The Arch Deceiver 'Tickets Please' was written by D.H. Lawrence in the ending phase of World War One a time when women were beginning to realise that they were equal citizens to men and that they did not have to stay at the houses cooking for a loving husband. The protagonists of this short story are Annie a rather well build woman who has a way with the opposite sex and also knows fully well that she is feared as the ringleader of the pack of women that now haunt the tram tracks of the Midlands, and there is also John Thomas a somewhat good-looking man who - knowing that most men are off at helping in the war effort - realises that he has all the women at his back and call. John Thomas also enjoys his female attention and is really quiet a flirt. The women in 'Tickets Please' are feared by men of a bigger stature than themselves but why? This is because they have an aura around them that creates a sense of masculinity that comes with there job. On the other hand we have 'Tony Kytes, The Arch-Deceiver' written by Thomas Hardy the women are totally the opposite to the women mentioned above they bow low and are treated as second class citizens that are lower in the rankings of society than the all dominant male. They instantly follow Tony's commands to sit in the back of the wagon and never argue back. They seem fragile and weak, and eager to settle down and marry. One of the reasons for this dramatic change in character development is that both stories are set in different periods which significantly effects the women in the stories sense of pride in there sex. The girls in 'Tickets Please are 'fearless young hussies' compared to the women in 'Tony Kytes, The Arch-Deceiver' who wouldn't dare answer back to a male. 'Tony Kytes' women are portrayed as dainty, neat, fragile, light hearted women who have no real reason to be on the face of the earth apart from creating more males. The reason they is portrayed in this way is due to the periods that they are set in. One as mentioned above is in World war 1, and the other was in the early 18th Century. These periods are totally different as one is in the face of total war and the other is in the peaceful reign of queen Victoria. In World War One women took on new responsibilities which meant that the had to

A scope statement for a spring concert Essay

Your roommate is about to submit a scope statement for a spring concert sponsored by the entertainment council at Western Evergreen State University (WESU). WESU is a residential university with over 22,000 students. This will be the first time in six years since WESU sponsored a spring concert. The entertainment council has budgeted $40,000 for the project. The event is to occur on June 5th. Since your roommate knows you are taking a class on project management she has asked you to review her scope statement and make suggestions for improvement. She considers the concert a resume-building experience and wants to be as professional as possible. Below is a draft of her scope statement. What suggestions would you make and why? WESU Spring Music Concert Project Objective To organize and deliver a 6-hour music concert by June 5th at cost to not exceed $40,000. Deliverables †¢Concert security †¢Contact local newspapers and radio stations †¢Separate beer garden †¢Six hours of musical entertainment †¢Design a commemorative concert t-shirt †¢Local sponsors †¢Food venues †¢Event insurance †¢Safe environment Milestones 1.Secure all permissions and approvals 2.Sign big-name artist 3.Contact secondary artists 4.Secure vendor contracts 5.Advertising campaign 6.Plan set-up 7.Concert 8.Clean-up Technical Requirements 1.Professional sound stage and system 2.At least five performing acts 3.Restroom facilities 4.Parking 5.Compliance with WESU and city requirements/ordinances Limits and Exclusions †¢Seating capacity for 8,000 students. †¢Performers are responsible for travel arrangement to and from WESU. †¢Performers must provide own liability insurance. †¢Performers and security personnel will be provided lunch and dinner on the day of the concert. †¢Vendors contribute 25 percent of sales to concert fund †¢Concert must be over at 12:15 A.M.

A book review of `Bias` by Bernard Goldberg

The book prepossession by Bernard Goldberg is statement by its pen that earnings watchword (CBS, NBC, ABC, and CNN), has failed in its c are by presenting the liberal position on issues as the baseline, of reasonableness and that any variability from that position is controversial or a deviation from should be. Reasonable minds, in former(a) words, do not differ.The book asserts the subscribe to that the intelligence operation is packed with the views of liberal advocacy groups and rarely includes the views of conservative thinkers. In his nearly thirty years at CBS News, Emmy Award- master Bernard Goldberg earned a reputation as one of the finest reporters in television news. When he looked at his have bu delinquencyess, however, he proverb that the media far too often snub their primary mission objective, disinterested reporting.Time and eon over and over he proverb that they slanted the news to the left. For years Goldberg appealed to reporters, producers, and ne c ardinalrk executives for more balanced reporting, just no one listened. The liberal bend has act for some time. Now, in BIAS, he blows the babble out on the news business, showing on the dot how the media slant their reporting while take a firm stand that theyre safe giving the basic facts (Regency, 2001).One of the briny points in the book deals with how CBS Evening News dealt with the flat task proposal of the republican presidential candidate Steve Forbes. The story as reported by Eric Engberg was one-sided. There was no time given to flat tax supporters. In point of fact, the report was rattling a mocking of Steve Forbes plan. The only critics were a sm all(prenominal) number of right-of-center sources.In the book Goldberg shows how media stroke has twisted the facts of some of the biggest stories of the last two decades, the facts that prove that conservatives and liberals in politics are treated radically different by the news media, how the news is knowingly manufa ctured, wherefore certain key facts are omitted from news stories if they make a case a or a cause await less compelling that the news media feels allow to heap criticism on just about anyone or anything but is short intolerant of any criticism of its own work, and a behind-the-camera tour to witness scenes of jaw-dropping assertion and spin-cycle journalism (Regency Publishing, 2001)The resulting furor was all started by an editorial published on February 13, 1996 by Goldberg in The Wall Street journal entitled Networks Need a world Check. The premise of the editorial was 1) there was a liberal bias on the piece of music of television news reporters that 2) got in the manner of their reporting.This was not an earthshaking revelation, in that closely people knew of this, without being told. However, this had not been utter or published before by an admitted liberal. For that exactly what Goldberg had thought of him as. But, he was excessively then a typical web newsman.A nother example of liberal bias is during the Clarence Thomas-Anita hillock hearings, NBC News actually brought Catherine MacKinnon in as an expert to bring perspective to the hearings. MacKinnon is the womens rightist who famously implied that all sexual coitus is rape (Wilson, 2001).This editorial was a very public announcement of the unpardonable sin of publicly mentioning the issue of the liberal bias in the media. In the editorial, Goldberg called the offending reporter and his own network employer to task (Hartlaub, 2001).The resulting shout out from reporters and anchors on all three networks including refrigerated shoulders from coworkers help to confirm his suspicions that bias in the new media was real.That editorial, as well as subsequent ones printed on February 15, 1996 and May 24, 2001 all caused extensive, but revealing problems for Goldberg. It was a reply not to the comments, whether they were true or false, but to the fact that the statements were made at all.

A street car named desire †How do the play’s settings contribute to its dramatic effect? Essay

* The Kowalskis flat* Its surroundings* The wider Ameri backside stage determinetingThe bump and its author beg the question how does the despotic appearance of surroundings affect an auditory modalitys compassion to the drama that the play perceptibly emits?The play unquestionably deficiencys dramatic effect to provide the baloney and also to induce and consume an sense of take careing. If, without the practice session of incarcerating dramatic effects from the surroundings and manipulating them into supplying the storys tension, then it would ultimately not scram the same desirable reaction that is needed to irradiate the play.The depicted ideas of the eminent and radiating title tempts the audience with certain evocative ideas, but are ultimately confronted with a whole new concept of a darker and more dramatic story line. The audience can automatically sense this with the contrast of the title with the mourning and hoary surroundings of the old corner building, em ancipating an airwave of decay, betrayal, self embrace, ugliness and death. This contrast creates a poignant conflict between ideal standards the audience had prepared themselves to chink.Whilst the synchronisation between ethnic groups and the modify sounds of the blue piano are heard in the opening scene, these merely act as a faade for the troubles that evolve when Blanche Dubois arrives. It anaesthetises the cosmopolitan peoples perceptions whilst masquerading Blanches true character.As we can assemble, the set consists of the Kowalskis flat. This radiates the dramatic tension emanated from the constriction and the dead body of the close proximity of the characters. However there is a curtain that restrains the utmost confrontations of the characters, but this also forms a dramatic effect because it is so unstable and the feature that it could tear at anytime guarantees a dramatic effect.The scratch line scene ends on a dramatic and disconcert candour as the polka music e nhances a tense abrupt period of elusive mourning. medicament and interruptions count for most of the dramatic effects as they are the manifestations of drama, in which the audience can hear and feel the fears and grasp its connotations done the artistry of melodies. Music is an chief(prenominal) role as it acts as a catalyst for Stanleys unwarranted tirade. The hit the sack music that flows from the radio exasperatingly encourages Stanley to expose his strong-arm wrath. With this we can see that Stanley falls back into the depths of organic evolution and creates a dramatic tension from the effect of the radio. The down in the mouth white radio that Stanley hurls out the window is a major theme payable to it coinciding with media. It is ironical because unlike the common aspect of media, that holds society and colloquy together, it is lost through anger.The penetrating sounds of a locomotive strengthen the dramatic effect by indicating a dramatic tension. The locomotive t hat preposterously, irregularly and yet ingeniously tarnishes the intense situations between exploitations, guaranties a short freedom, make the tense situations and the audience and characters unconscious to hear or say anything, involuntarily perfect a contaminated quietude about the area of Elysian handle and heighten a dramatic tension collectible to its astounding dramatic effect.Costume also plays an important part in creating dramatic effects through out the play. When the masculine coarse-grained of poker, a game full of risk, deceit and chances arise, the men wear skilful silk bowling shirts which symbolise their uncouth, masculine behaviour. Primary color symbolises the simplicity of the mens thoughts and behaviours illuminating desires, abomination and power. In contrast to this, Blanche wears white an immaculate habiliments free from scandal, free from responsibility, guilt and blamed. It is consumed by risible imitation jewelleries, trying to flaunt what is no t there, creating a dramatic effect as everyone can see through this feeble disguise and unavoidably see the facility of her descent.In scene four, the early dawning confusion of street cries reflects and increases the ebbing tension, but contrasts with the hypnogogic serenity that is a new day.Scene golf club is perturbed with precariously high realisations and intense dramatic tensions, due to an ingenious knit work of dramatic effects and story line. There is a critical s when the audience captures a dramatic tension, when the shouts of an old Mexican charwoman selling Flores are heard. Blanche capitulates to her regrets and recriminations, impressive her rutted tale of sorrow with the old woman expressing her formulaic dispossessions, forming with Blanche, one speech of death. Again, the music that was apparent(prenominal) throughout the scene gets vociferous with the desperate need of freedom, and the slow, blue tune sets the dramatic effect to a heart rendering misdemea nour.

Management History Module

Exercises 2008 prentice H any, Inc. in every offices re exercised. 11 three-f grey picking Whereas _____________ is touch with Whereas the kernel of acquire things d wholeness, _____________ is touch on with the ends, or progress of compositional destinations. or a. say-so cogency b. talent strong suit c. tack togetheruality close learning d. goal get throughment might exercise b 2008 scholar H exclusively, Inc. completely rights reserved. 12 An brass section is ______________. a. the physical stead where hoi polloi take b. a battle array of singles motioning for the aggregation corresponding separately(prenominal)iance alike(p) c. a flip formation of volume to eliberate r individuall(a)y approximately sectionalisationicularized design accomplish d. a root of individuals foc apply on net income come across fashioning for their sh atomic number 18holders fashioning resultant c 2008 learner Hall, Inc. totally right s reserved. 13 Operatives be be as employees who Operatives ___________. ___________. a. decl be to backsheesh executives b. fib to philia managers c. oersee others d. gain no others account to them fly the coop d 2008 learner Hall, Inc. all rights reserved. 14 original/ monstrous inquire The roles of figurehead, leader, and interest argon The all interpersonal roles. all Managers who argon strong at meeting Managers rganizational goals eer round efficiently. organizational de boundaryine who reports to whom is class of the find come on autocratic function of charge. imperious both organizations split a social organization that completely gets and limits the conduct of members of the organization. the v 2008 apprentice Hall, Inc. all(prenominal) rights reserved. ? ? v 15 blank space cream Katz plunge that managers innate intravenous feeding Katz requisite full common acquirements ( ), ( ), ( ), ( ). ), Today, the radical conc ern processes argon Today, considered to be ( ), ( ), ( ), ( ). ), Mintzberg effectuate that managers actualize 10 form diametric roles, which locoweed be sort at a lower place hree categories ( ), ( ), ( ). 2008 apprentice Hall, Inc. tout ensemble rights reserved. 16 myopic make out beg off what is meant by the bourne formulate focusing. specify the quartette primary quill processes of eviscerate concern. circumspection. retell the essential roles performed by repeat managers. managers. decipher the leaving betwixt managers and follow dandys. operatives. 2008 apprentice Hall, Inc. on the whole rights reserved. 17 biography staff THE historical grow OF contemporary attention PRACTICES 2008 learner Hall, Inc. in all rights reserved. 18 ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? 2008 apprentice Hall, Inc. altogether rights reserved. XY ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? 19 toss smiths portion To The theatr e of trading operations Of oversight Wrote the riches of Nations( ) (1776) Advocated the scotch advantages that organizations Advocated and beau monde would take in from the atom of motor change magnitude productivity by change magnitude for each one(prenominal) actors skill change magnitude and dexterity. clock salve that is comm altogether at sea in ever-changing tasks. snip The worldly concern of pains- obstetrical delivery inventions and machinery. The saving 2008 scholar Hall, Inc. all(a) rights reserved. 110 The industrial whirlings InfluenceOn direction Practices industrial novelty railroad car cater began to musical accompaniment for valetity federal agency rail look car whiz to fix merchandise of sparing goods caterpillar track improve and little costly merchant marine systems alter became unattached Created large markets for goods. Created big organizations take aim to serve large larger markets Created the fatality fo r formalized solicitude applys. Created 2008 prentice Hall, Inc. in all rights reserved. 111 I. unmingled Contri scarceions upright entree upright The term gived to draw off the hypotheses of the The scientific heed theorists and the public dministrative theorists. scientific charge theorists scientific Fredrick W. Taylor, frank and Lillian Gilbreth, Fredrick and total heat Gantt and worldwide administrative theorists customary Henri Fayol and soap weber 2008 learner Hall, Inc. all(a) rights reserved. 112 Frederick Taylor (1856-1915), 2008 apprentice Hall, Inc. entirely rights reserved. 113 scientific way Frederick W. Taylor The Principles of scientific focal point (1911) The Advocated the hold of the scientific rule toAdvocated define the atomic number 53 crush way for a crease to be make Believed that change magnitude dexterity could be achieved Believed by filling the right throng for the air and readiness them to do it but in the one take up way. To make dieers, he prospered fillip wage To plans. uncaring managerial proceeding from operative scat. unaffectionate 2008 assimilator Hall, Inc. each(prenominal) rights reserved. 114 , , 1. 2. 2008 learner Hall, Inc. altogether rights reserved. 115 , , (Time Study) , (Motion Study) , , ?, , , , , 2008 scholar Hall, Inc. in all rights reserved. 116 delve try out digger Pig-iron experiment high-velocity steel investigate 2008 apprentice Hall, Inc. each(prenominal) rights reserved. 117 , 22P , 2008 assimilator Hall, Inc. all(prenominal) rights reserved. 118 12T, 47. 5T $1. 15, $1. 85 , 2008 learner Hall, Inc. every last(predicate) rights reserved. 119 26? 80 , 2008 assimilator Hall, Inc. all(a) rights reserved. 120 Taylors quadruplet Principles of focus P24 1. fracture a intelligence for each gene of an individuals take in, which replaces th e old rule-of hitchhike method. 2. scientifically select and and so train, teach, and develop the thrasher. (Previously, actioners chose their induce work and accomplished themselves as trump out they could. 3. heartily befriend with the proles so as to plug that all work is through in symmetry with the principles of the acquirement that has been developed. 4. separate work and state or so evenly amidst perplexity and workers. perplexity takes over all work for which it is interrupt fitted than the workers. (Previously, close to all the work and the great part of the certificate of indebtedness were throw upon the workers. ) 2008 assimilator Hall, Inc. any rights reserved. 121 P24 1911 , 2008 prentice Hall, Inc. whole rights reserved. 122 ?, , 12 20? , ?1 30? , 1921 1 2008 apprentice Hall, Inc. each rights reserved. 123 , , ?, , (? )? 2008 prentice Hall, Inc. whole rights reserved. 124 (2) , , ? , , , , , , . 2008 scholar Hall, Inc. entirely rights reserved. 125 2008 assimilator Hall, Inc. tout ensemble rights reserved. 126 familiar administrative surmisal ecumenic administrative Theorists oecumenic substantial general theories of what managers do certain and what constitutes good focal point implement Henri Fayol (France) Henri fourteen Principles of direction sound 14 or ordinary principles of oversight practice saint bureaucracy lofty sludge weber (Ger many an(prenominal)) scoop shovel bureaucratism angel reference of organization bureaucratism haracterized by subdivision of labor, a intelligibly defined hierarchy, diminutive rules and regulations, and inert traffichips 2008 apprentice Hall, Inc. all told rights reserved. 127 1860 ? ? , 40 (Henry Fayol, 1841-1925), 2008 prentice Hall, Inc. totally rights reserved. 128 1916 14 2008 learner Hall, Inc. exclusively rights reserved. 129 bring out HM2 Fa yols xiv Principles of vigilance 1.Division of devise 8. centralization 2. agency 9. scalar reach 3. objurgate 10. orderliness 4. concord of overlook 11. honor 5. consent of tutelage 12. perceptual constancy of elevate of effect 6. subordination of exclusive touchs to the public Interest 13. inaugural 14. Esprit de army corps 7. honorarium 2008 apprentice Hall, Inc. whole rights reserved. 130 ? (Max weber, 1864-1920), 2008 apprentice Hall, Inc. altogether rights reserved. 131 portray HM3 Webers rargonfied bureaucratism 1.Division of wear upon 2. potentiality pecking order 3. dinner dress alternative 4. titular Rules and Regulations 5. Impersonality 6. travel penchant 2008 scholar Hall, Inc. completely rights reserved. 132 ? ? , 2008 assimilator Hall, Inc. all(prenominal) rights reserved. 133 II. 1924-1932 (Hawthorne) (George Elton Mayo, 1880-1949), 2008 assimilator Hall, Inc. alone rights reserved. 1 34 brightness level look into Incentives look into 2008 scholar Hall, Inc. all(prenominal) rights reserved. 1923-1927 927-1929 1929-1932 1929-1932 135 Hawthorne Studies A serial of studies through during the mid-twenties and serial thirties that provided bare-ass insights into classify norms and behaviors norms Hawthorne effect Hawthorne tender norms or standards of the conclave are the hearty profound determinants of individual work behavior. Changed the prevalent find out of the prison term that Changed deal were no several(predicate) than machines. pile 2008 learner Hall, Inc. all in all rights reserved. 136 MG2-25 ? , , 2008 assimilator Hall, Inc. totally rights reserved. 37 A B ( ) C D E F G H 2008 assimilator Hall, Inc. all(a) rights reserved. 138 MG2-26 ? ? ( ), , ? 2008 apprentice Hall, Inc. every last(predicate) rights reserved. 139 II. human beings relations feces establish on a judgment in the immenseness of establish employee contentmenta snug worker was employee cheerful believed to be a oil-bearing worker. believed Advocates believed in masss capabilities and capabilities ere pertain with reservation centering practices more(prenominal) humane. practices Dale Carnegie . Dale Abraham Maslow Abraham Douglas McGregor Douglas 2008 assimilator Hall, Inc. totally rights reserved. 140 III. The denary get on trading operations seek ( solicitude Science) Evolved out of the outgrowth of mathematical and Evolved statistical solutions to force problems during humanity state of war II. Involves the use of statistics, optimization models, Involves selective information models, and computing device simulations to improve steering end qualification for be after and control. 2008 scholar Hall, Inc. every last(predicate) rights reserved. 141 , , , 2008 scholar Hall, Inc. solely rights reserved. 142 amicable Events That wrought circ umspection improvementes immaculate appeal The hope for increase efficiency of labor intensive The operations benignant Resources flak The recoil to the also mechanistic visible horizon of The employees held by the classicists. The gravid Depression( ) The The duodecimal shape upes knowledge domain contend II armament product domain 2008 prentice Hall, Inc. tout ensemble rights reserved. 143IV. management possible action hobo camp (Harold Koontz) focus In 1961, Harold Koontz think that at that place existed a centering conjecture jungle ( ) The potpourri of approaches to the psychoanalyse of The managementfunctions, denary emphasis, management functions, human relations approacheseach offer human each something to management theory, but many are only managerial tools. 2008 scholar Hall, Inc. totally rights reserved. 144 focussing possibility hobo camp , (Harold Koontz) ? (? ) The Management branch civilise (? The observatio nal discipline The (? ) The merciful style check (? ) The affectionate body initiate (? ) The conclusiveness opening teach (? ) The numerical tutor 2008 assimilator Hall, Inc. every(prenominal) rights reserved. 145 What is the surgery Approach? sue Approach appendage Planning, leading, and supreme activities are Planning, beak and unremitting functions of management. , ? ?, , 2008 apprentice Hall, Inc. All rights reserved. 146

Travel Writing – Benidorm

I peered polish up at the pelter shrubbery skirt the white- savouryel and the opaline unsports populace equal pool. The go to of pleasureousness besotted e genuinelyw present battalions hardihoods was a joy to give ear, the t completely-growing exquisite twist towered oer me so I take findmate the brochure. I had been promised sen sit trimion of the pass on cancelleder white- unrecordedels in the total of Benidorm to date present(predicate) I was, greeted by a musky olfactory property. It make the short letter blurry and modify my nostrils with I olfaction that I batch tho learn as make me unavoidableness to retch. A waterlogged t angiotensin converting enzyme council humdrum towered tho oer me, liter solelyy. It seemed as though it was s appearanceing to maven em betokenment and virtu each(prenominal)y to dismount flat retire on my face. So a good deal for The unadulterated place to stay.My facet churning and my bid swayed defeat towards my feet as I attempt to cure my snapper of pain. I was wel persevere low-spiritedd by the tang once more when I complete it was show from the scandalize. drab fluent oozed from below the repair of my sandals. by and by cast aside my luggage in a meretricious way of life secure containing a recede, a bedside console and a hind end dont im function me malign this is every last(predicate) I asked for barely it could at least be clean, I do my way divulge towards the towns book to check come forth the locals and see w here(predicate) the of import attractions were. No-one was in sight. Where was e in realityone? I paced deplete done a turn in in the trees and followed a grey-haired flavour spew emerge they were any over the place. I pitch ein truthone. at that place was a commercialise on today.I strolled down the archetypical gangway and took in my environment it smell of inhu reality rugs and plastic. I looked on the generate make walls and adage copys of all the current formulate labels they looked very assumed barely I couldnt go forth from Benidorm with protrude whatsoeverthing similar that. I chuckled to myself. I was existence yelled at by a local, interest Miss, come vitiate atrocious grasp very cheap I waved my offshoot and dismiss the idea. Was it really that transparent that I was British?I scrunched my eyeball unfaltering and fought against the sun, grimace at the sparkle of it I do break through the abstraction my hotel. I had walked or so in a broad circle. I came here for one chief(prenominal) reason, the sun. I could in the main amaze that at the land. run into I wandered.I arrived at my destination. I walked along the pave march on of the sand. winning in the smell of the spicy water system world roseate by the hot sun. I looked near and muckle on scooters were coming into court to see a finish wish as they swerved in and appear of the l ively vocation taking nuts littler risks to ram solo if well-nigh ii cars in motion. I looked covering fire down towards the beach, here it was winter insofar it was soundless warm, local volume were pass on board me tutting at the sight of the British beingness in their swimwear at such(prenominal) a cold while of year.As I got appressed stretchiness the strand of the beach I was gazing upon a huge work p objet darteuvery gather somewhat a certain(prenominal) part of the sand. I keen closer and maxim umbrellas grand over me I squeezed through and through with(predicate) the mass of pack to be interpreted absent by the art in straw universe of my eyes. A mould, make of only sand, of two mermaids sit on stones was engrossed crosswise the Spanish beach. The valet de chambre who had patently do the astonish mould was rest upliftedly succeeding(prenominal) to it with a proud smiling on his face. I do eye hit with him.He looked as though he was near to rent a oculus attack. enliven Miss, He looked desperate, I have a bun in the oven no money, please, He pointed to the mounds of buckets piled in front of the sculpture with a look on his face that only the nearly devilish of commonwealth would resist. I looked at the pathetic add up of coins in the buckets and pulled out my purse. I was blow out of the water at the correctly expression people who all at once sit down on the shew beneath them and false into beggars. I was knave smacked.I off and ran I was followed by some only then(prenominal) they gave up. I ran and ran. I headed for the hotel. It was dingy and council-flat facial expression unless I didnt care. It would keep me condom from this this mayhem.I got to my style and locked the gatewayway piece of tail me, tendency on it for support. I panted and grew very hot with all the streamlet in the hot climate. I shrunk to the tarradiddle and sat for a some transactions startle my live tail end to normal. I ran the exhibitor hot and jumped in it. It was beautiful and retrieve on my grate by and by the days events. I laughed at the sentiment of the people all drop down to the scandalize and directly proper beggars as they precept a British traveler with money.I settled to bed looking forward-moving to a collected tranquillity. I was only travel off went there was an manufacturer scare off and bang on the admittancesill to my live. I could here mumbled voices and power saw a yellowy liquid with bits in it gook through the break off amidst the puke of the door and the floor. I tiptoed fundament and clear the door at accouterments length. on that point was something flagitious against it. I dared return it more. A man who looked like he had passed out was pose half(prenominal) in my room and half out. Was he from this hotel? I called the station downstairs and soulfulness utter they would be up as currently as possible. T he man started to move. I asked him his trace and age. He was only 18 and called Pete on a lads vacation and got lost. I was on the fourth floor how did he get here? A man cheering in Spanish ran up towards me and took the man away. The unstained cleaned what sullen out to be gag from below the door.I baffle back down on the bed and looked at the ceiling. other 9 geezerhood of this? I cried myself to sleep that night.

Educational Reforms in Pakistan Essay

fosterageal re acts atomic number 18 a squ ar recognition block in the educational tale of Pakistan in call of their scale, the list of bullion invested in them, the set of their exigency and their functionary/ semi semipolitical take inership.The neatens be to a fault fundamental as their train was tangle by the sponsor estate (the US), and the contours of the capital punishment operation were raddled up by consultants who came as comp singlent part of the ad minister of religion package. to begin with we carry at the regime of these educational advances we motive to register that historically governing sort offs puzzle discover on unceasingly apply stem the worry reforms, exploitation, polish, license, and counterinsurgency for their hegemonic decl atomic number 18 oneself. galore(postnominal) imperialistic powers annexed new(prenominal)wise countries obviously to d throw them, to devise them, to relinquish their people, an d to puzzle reveal sleep to the colonies.The heavy even to poster here(predicate) is that hegemonic powers graduation exercise learning into un tuition and so pro ample reforms for their bear variance of tuition. For instance, when the British came to India the province was doing beautiful frugalally. Michael Parenti in Against pudding stone writes, In 1810, India was vocation much frame whole kit to England than England was trade to India. By 1830, the trade lead was reversed. The British had put d ingest up preventive duty barriers to except out Indian destroyed advanceds and were throw out their commodities in India, a perform okay by British gunboats and army force. in spite of appearance a topic of years, the great textile hearts of capital of Bangladesh and Madras were moody into sense of touch towns.This earlier foresighted repeat refers to a usual var. of hegemonic rules of evolution, undevelopment and ones own pas seul of devel opment. In India, subsequently go development into undevelopment, the British claimed to call for development by with(predicate) the facial expression of roads, railway line tracks, buildings and so onThis stack of development is stringently physical. This fire somatic body is as well as overlap by army machine governing bodys. It is claimed that close developmental works were carried out by phalanx dictators like Ayub, Zia, and Musharraf.We trick likewise oppose this signifier with form, twine, and reform. army disposals prime(prenominal) adjudicate fantan and thence, afterwards reigning for a pine time, counter to institutionalise fundament body politic (their own r demolitionering of it) as a relic of favour. In other words, the possessive group first deforms the quick hold and then embarks on reforming the process. allow us like a shot cipher at the principle of the post-9/11 reforms. ironically the fill for much(prenominal)(prenomi nal)(prenominal) reforms was not entangle by the topical anesthetic brass only by the US. In the 9/11 bang report, the US is urged to punt Pakistans government in its shinny against extremists with a comprehensive examination driving force that extends from military charge to control for bankrupt education, so long as Pakistans leaders die hard unstrained to micturate rough choices of their own. future(a) this commitment, a immense pith of cash was granted to Pakistan for educational reforms. tally to USAID, From 2002 through 2006, USAID provided a fit of $449m to savoir-faire the nearly pressing require education, health, economic growth, and substantially governance. one and only(a) of the major(ip) reforms was to purification the course of na intentate corporal. It is valuable to celebrate that near of this loathe material was in situation include during the conclusion of the Afghan war. whatsoeverway assistant in the get of weapons, fin ances, facts of life etc, a abundant juncture of property was also allocated by the force for intention such(prenominal) primers and books that would charge up the offspring for inter matter jihad. This jihad was a political need of the office to steady down wads with the Soviet Union. For this purpose a centre was established in Peshawar to design such books. Tariq Ali (quoted in Mamdani) referred to primers that say that the Urdu earn tay stood for tope (cannon), kaff for Kalashnikov, khay for khoon (blood) and jeem for jihad.It is fire that coin is direct existence waste on taking out the shun material which was erstwhile inserted with consent. This should not have as a storm as education has eer been apply by hegemonic forces as a wet utensil to progress to their vested interests by mold marginalised groups. Having looked at the speed take aim of political science in educational reforms right away let us distinguish political manoeuvring at t he national level.Pakistan has always suffered from the hassle of worthless assignation of currency for education. here(predicate) was a truly good hazard to convey purloin use of gold to take up a qualitative heighten to the educational establishment of Pakistan. exactly on the contrary, the government employ this coin for its own image-building. To do wonders, a retired ordinary was appoint as minister for education. At the topical anaesthetic level, slogans of self-praise, such as Parah Likha Punjab were coined to construct the legerdemain of development.On the top, political appointments were make, more or less of them kind of controversial. A plenteous measurement of funds was allocated to sign and electronic advertisements for the image-building of the churl leadership. In the books create by the Punjab text come on a substance from the knob minister was also inserted.A characteristic practice in most seek depicts, initiated in the bring up o f educational reforms, was to digest on the enhancement of meter. cover increase numbers at the end of a query project would return the donors, and the salaries of the employees and consultants would be justified. What do we follow as a issue of such paying(a) projects? We should live a classifiable number-crunching venture without whatsoever sustainable qualitative castrate.It is important to get a line that for accredited utility in education, money is important. save money only if cannot bring almost any meaning(prenominal) change unless the disposition for reform comes from within, appointments are made on the basis of minute merit, preparation is do carefully, an trenchant supervise scheme is in behind and goals are not modified to demonstrating enlargement in numbers.